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Knowledge, information and institutions

Science and knowledge, organization, computer science, information, documentation, librarianship, institutions, publications.

Code

Meaning

Language

Themes and places

IOTA

Institut d'Optique Théorique et Appliquée

In French

• Research institutes
• Optics

IOTA

International Occultation Timing Association

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Learned societies
• Stars
• All countries

IOTE

Initial Operational Test and Evaluation

In English

• Quality management

IOU

Input/Output Unit

In English

• Data

IOV

Input/Output Virtualization

In English

• Software

IOX

Input Output eXecutive

In English

• Software

IP

Internet Protocol

The abbreviation IP (Internet Protocol) is included in abbreviations such as TIPHON (Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks), TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), MBS/IP (Multi-purpose Business Security over Internet Protocol), SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), UDP/IP (User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol), VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and PMIP (Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol).

In English

• Internet

IP

Interfacing Processor

In English

• Processors
• Human-computer interaction

IP

Instrument Processor

In English

• Processors

IP-CAN

IP Connectivity Access Network

In English

• Networks, communication
• Telecommunications

IPA

Internet Privatstiftung Austria

In German

• Foundations
• Internet
• Telecommunications
• Austria

IPA

Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung

In German

• Research institutes
• Engineering, technology

IPA

Information-technology Promotion Agency

In English

• Computer science
• Telecommunications

IPA

Industrial Preparedness Action

The abbreviation IPA (Industrial Preparedness Action) includes the abbreviation IP (Industrial Preparedness).

In English

• Project management
• Industry, industrial policy
• Engineering, technology

IPA

Investment Promotion Authority

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Investment
• 33972

IPA

Interparlamentarische Arbeitsgemeinschaft

In German

• Associations
• Parliaments, representation

IPA

Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet

= AFI | Alfabetul Fonetic Internaţional | In Romanian
= LFE | Lizherenneg Fonetikel Etrebroadel | In Breton
= МФА | Международната фонетична азбука | In Bulgarian
= AFI | Alfabet Fonètic Internacional | In Catalan
= IFA | Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto | In Esperanto
= IPA | International Phonetic Alphabet | In English
= ΔΦΑ | Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο | In Greek
= IPA | Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet | In German
= API | Alphabet Phonétique International | In French
= AFI | Alfabeto Fonético Internacional | In Spanish
= AFI | Alfabeto Fonético Internacional | In Galician
= NAF | Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa | In Basque
= IPA | Internationaalt Phonetescht Alphabet | In Letzeburgesh
= AFI | Alfabeto Fonetico Internazionale | In Italian
= МФА | Международный фонетический алфавит | In Russian
= AFI | Alfabeto Fonético Internacional | In Portuguese
= AFI | Alfabet Fonetic Internacionau | In Occitan
= AFE | Alfabet Fonetike Eternåcionå | In Walloon
= IFA | Internationoal Fonetisch Alfabet | In West Flemish
= AFN | Alfabeti Fonetik Ndërkombëtar | In Albanian
= IFA | Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet | In Afrikaans
= AFI | Alfabetu Fonéticu Internacional | In Asturian
= ХГЬА | Халкъаздагьоркьосеб гьаркьазул алфавит | In Avar
= IPA | Internationals Phonetischs Alphabet | In Austro-Bavarian
= ХАФӘ́ | Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит | In Bashkir
= МФА | Міжнародны фанетычны алфавіт | In Belarusian
= AFE | Alfabèt Fonètico Entèrnacionâl | In Franco-Provençal
= YFA | Ynternasjonaal Fonetysk Alfabet | In Frisian
= AIF | Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta | In Irish
= API | Alphabeto Phonetic International | In Interlingua
= IPA | Internasional a Ponetiko nga Alpabeto | In Ilocano
= IFA | Internaciona Fonetik Alfabeto | In Ido
= AFN | Alfabeya Fonetîk a Navneteweyî | In Kurdish
= API | Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale | In Latin
= AFI | Alfabeta Fonetical Internasional | In Lingua Franca Nova
= TFA | Tarptautinė Fonetinė Abėcėlė | In Lithuanian
= МФА | Меѓународна фонетска азбука | In Macedonian
= AFA | Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa | In Malay
= AFI | Abc Fonético Anternacional | MWL
= IPA | Internatschonal Phoneetsch Alphabet | In Low German
= IFA | Internasjonale Fonetiske Alfabetet | In Norwegian
= AFI | Alfabèt Fonétiko Internashonal | In Papiamento
= IPA | Innernatiunaal Phoneddisch Alphebedd | PDC
= EFA | Entanashunal Fonetikl Alfabet | In Pitkern
= MAF | Międzynarodowy Alfabet Fonetyczny | In Polish
= AFI | Alfabet Fonétich Intërnassional | In Piedmontese
= IPA | Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet | In Scots
= МФА | Међународна фонетска абецеда | In Serbian
= AFI | Alfabetu Fonétiku Internasionál | In Tetum
= PPA | Pandaigdigang Ponetikong Alpabeto | In Tagalog
= МФА | Міжнародний фонетичний алфавіт | In Ukrainian
= LFB | Lafab Fonetik Bevünetik | In Volapük

In Tosk

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

International Phonetic Alphabet

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In English

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In German

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Internationaalt Phonetescht Alphabet

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In Letzeburgesh

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

International Phonetic Association (https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/)

In English

• Associations
• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Independent Pilots Association

In English

• Associations
• Aeronautics, aircraft

IPA

Independent Practice Association

In English

• Associations
• Medicine

IPA

International Police Association

In English

• Associations
• Police

IPA

International Psychoanalytical Association

In English

• Associations
• Psychology

IPA

International Publishers' Association

In English

• Associations
• Graphic industries, printing, publishing

IPA

International Powerlifting Association

In English

• Associations

IPA

Institute for Programming research and Algorithmics (www.win.tue.nl/ipa/)

In English

• Programming languages
• Algorithms

IPA

Instituut voor Programmatuurkunde en Algoritmiek (www.win.tue.nl/ipa/)

In Dutch

• Research institutes
• Computer science
• Algorithms

IPA

Indicateur de Professionnalisme des Achats

In French

• Management

IPA

Internationals Phonetischs Alphabet

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In Austro-Bavarian

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Internasional a Ponetiko nga Alpabeto

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In Ilocano

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Internatschonal Phoneetsch Alphabet

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In Low German

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Innernatiunaal Phoneddisch Alphebedd

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

[PDC]

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPA

Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet

= AFI, LFE, МФА, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, MAF, PPA, LFB (see above)

In Scots

• Alphabetic writing systems
• Phonetics, phonology
• All countries

IPAAM

Institut de Préhistoire et d'Archéologie Alpes Méditerranée

In French

• Associations
• Prehistory
• Archeology
• France

IPAAM

Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas

In Portuguese

• Organizations and associations
• Environmental protection

IPAAM

Institut de Préhistoire et d’Archéologie Alpes Méditerranée (www.ipaam.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Prehistory
• Archeology
• France

IPAS

Integrated Problem Assessment System

In English

• Quality management

IPASA

Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Annual Report

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Knowledge management
• Physics
• Learned societies
• China

IPB

Illuminated Push Button

In English

• Human-computer interaction
• Lighting

IPB

Invision Power Board

In English

• Networks, communication

IPB

International Peace Bureau

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Polemology
• All countries

IPBS

Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Sciences

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Radioactivity
• Biology
• Medicine

IPC

Integrated Procurement Control

In English

• Quality management
• Sale

IPC

Iraq Petroleum Company

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Petroleum industry
• 6657
• Iraq

IPC

Institut de Pathologie du Cheval

In French

• Research institutes
• Veterinary medicine
• 6361
• Equidae
• France

IPCA

Integrated Projects Consortium Agreement

The abbreviation IPCA (Integrated Projects Consortium Agreement) includes the abbreviation CA (Consortium Agreement).

In English

• Contract law
• Project management
• Research policy
• Europe

IPCAA

International Pharmaceutical Congress Advisory Association

In English

• Associations
• Congresses
• Pharmacology, therapeutics, toxicology

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (https://www.ipcc.ch)

In English

• Organizations and associations
• United Nations
• Meteorology, climatology
• Environmental threats

IPCDT

IEE Proceedings: Computers and Digital Techniques

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Computer science

IPCE

International Conference on Performance Engineering

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• Engineering, technology
• Quality management

IPCRP

IEE Proceedings: Communications and Radar Processing

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Telecommunications
• Electronics

IPCRS

IEE Proceedings: Communications Radar and Signal Processing

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Electronics
• Telecommunications

IPCSV

IEE Proceedings: Communications, Speech and Vision

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Mathematics and natural sciences

IPCTA

IEE Proceedings: Control Theory Applications

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Mathematics and natural sciences
• Applied sciences

IPD

Information Processing Division

In English

• Organizational divisions
• Data processing

IPDG

Indemnités des Personnels de Direction et de Gestion

In French

• Personnel management
• Management

IPDR

Incremental Preliminary Design Review

The abbreviation IPDR (Incremental Preliminary Design Review) includes abbreviations PDR (Preliminary Design Review) and DR (Design Review).

In English

• Quality management
• 6585

IPE

Information Processing Equipment

In English

• Data

IPEA

Internet Positionning European Association

In English

• Associations
• Internet
• 659
• Europe

IPEDS

Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System

In English

• Software
• Data
• Education

IPEPA

IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Electrical engineering

IPER

Innovation dans les Processus de l'Entreprise par la RFID

In English

• Networks, communication
• Telecommunications

IPEST

Institut Préparatoire aux Études Scientifiques et Techniques (www.ipest.rnu.tn)

In French

• Higher education
• Specialized colleges
• Science and knowledge
• Engineering, technology
• Tunisia

IPF

Internet pour la France

In French

• Organizations and associations
• Internet
• France

IPFA

International Plasma Fractionation Association

In English

• Associations
• Pharmacology, therapeutics, toxicology
• Blood and circulatory system
• All countries

IPGTD

IEE Proceedings: Generation, Transmission, Distribution

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Engineering, technology

IPI

Interconnection Point Identifier

In English

• Networks, communication

IPIC

Institut de la Propriété Intellectuelle du Canada (www.ipic.ca)

In French

• Organizations and associations
• Literary and artistic property

IPIC

Intellectual Property Institute of Canada (www.ipic.ca)

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Literary and artistic property

IPIG

ILL Protocol Implementers Group

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Networks, communication
• Libraries

IPIS

Institute for Political and International Studies

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Politics
• International relations

IPJ

Institut Pratique de Journalisme

In French

• Specialized colleges
• Press

IPK

Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik (www.ipk.fraunhofer.de)

In German

• Research institutes
• Construction
• Germany

IPL

Indentured Parts List

In English

• Stock management

IPL

Initial Program Load

In English

• Software

IPL

Institut Pasteur de Lille (www.pasteur-lille.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Biology
• Medicine
• France

IPLC

Initial Program Load Complete

In English

• Software

IPLS

Initial Program Load Start

In English

• Software

IPM

Information Processing and Management

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Computer science

IPM

Integration Program Manager

The abbreviation IPM (Integration Program Manager) includes the abbreviation PM (Program Manager).

In English

• Project management
• Engineering, technology

IPM

Integrated Pest Management

In English

• Management
• Agriculture

IPM

Industrial Preparedness Measures

The abbreviation IPM (Industrial Preparedness Measures) includes the abbreviation IP (Industrial Preparedness).

In English

• Project management
• Industry, industrial policy
• Engineering, technology

IPM

Internet et Pédagogie Médicale

In French

• Internet
• Education
• Medicine

IPM

Interaction Personne-Machine

= MMI | Man-Machine Interface | In English
= MDI | Människa-datorinteraktion | In Swedish
= MMI | Man-Machine Interaction | In English
= CHI | Computer-Human Interaction | In English
= IHM | Interface Homme-Machine | In French
= IPO | Interacció Persona-Ordinador | In Catalan
= HCI | Computer-Human Interaction | In English
= IPO | Interacción Persona-Ordenador | In Spanish
= IUM | Interfaccia Uomo-Macchina | In Italian
= MCI | Mens-computerinteractie | In Dutch
= IHC | Interação Humano–Computador | In Portuguese
= IAI | Inimese ja arvuti interaktsioon | In Estonian
= ŽKS | Žmogaus ir Kompiuterio Sąveika | In Lithuanian
= MMI | Menneske–Maskin-Interaksjon | In Norwegian
= IOC | Interacțiune Om-Calculator | In Romanian
= İME | İnsan-Makine Etkileşimi | In Turkish
= BİE | Bilgisayar-İnsan Etkileşimi | In Turkish
= İBE | İnsan-Bilgisayar Etkileşimi | In Turkish

In French

• Human-computer interaction

IPMAP

IEE Proceedings: Microwaves Antennas and Propagation

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Telecommunications

IPMB

Intelligent Platform Management Bus

In English

• Electronics
• Networks, communication

IPMOA

IEE Proceedings: Microwaves Optics and Antennas

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Optics
• Telecommunications

IPMS

Inertial Performance Measurement System

The abbreviation IPMS (Inertial Performance Measurement System) includes the abbreviation PMS (Performance Measurement System).

In English

• Quality management
• Astronautics

IPN

Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu (www.ipn.gov.pl)

In Polish

• Research institutes
• Law
• History
• Poland

IPNPR

Interplanetary Network Progress Report

The abbreviation IPNPR (Interplanetary Network Progress Report) includes the abbreviation PR (Progress Report).

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Knowledge management
• Project management
• Astronomy

IPO

International Progress Organization (www.i-p-o.org)

In English

• Organizations and associations
• International relations

IPO

Interacció Persona-Ordinador

= IPM, MMI, MDI, CHI, IHM, HCI, IUM, MCI, IHC, IAI, ŽKS, IOC, İME, BİE, İBE (see above)

In Catalan

• Human-computer interaction

IPO

Interacción Persona-Ordenador

= IPM, MMI, MDI, CHI, IHM, HCI, IUM, MCI, IHC, IAI, ŽKS, IOC, İME, BİE, İBE (see above)

In Spanish

• Human-computer interaction

IPO

Intellectual Property Office

The abbreviation IPO (Intellectual Property Office) is included in abbreviations such as IPOS (Intellectual Property Office of Singapore), SIPO (State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China), IPOPHL (Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines) and SIPO (State Intellectual Property Office of the Republic of Croatia).

In English

• Governmental organizations
• Industrial property
• Literary and artistic property
• United Kingdom

IPOPHL

Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines

The abbreviation IPOPHL (Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines) includes the abbreviation IPO (Intellectual Property Office).

In English

• Governmental organizations
• Industrial property
• Literary and artistic property
• Philippines

IPOS

Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (https://www.ipos.gov.sg/)

The abbreviation IPOS (Intellectual Property Office of Singapore) includes the abbreviation IPO (Intellectual Property Office).

In English

• Governmental organizations
• Central administration
• Industrial property
• Literary and artistic property
• Singapore

IPOpt

IEE Proceedings: Optoelectronics

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Optics
• Electronics

IPP

Industrial Preparedness Plan

The abbreviation IPP (Industrial Preparedness Plan) includes the abbreviation IP (Industrial Preparedness).

In English

• Project management
• Industry, industrial policy
• Engineering, technology

IPP

Institute for Parallel Processing

In English

• Research institutes
• Computer science

IPP

identifiant Permanent Patient

In French

• Computer science
• Medicine

IPPA

Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association

In English

• Associations
• Prehistory

IPPL

Industrial Preparedness Planning List

The abbreviation IPPL (Industrial Preparedness Planning List) includes the abbreviation IP (Industrial Preparedness).

In English

• Project management
• Industry, industrial policy
• Engineering, technology

IPPS

International Plant Propagators Society

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Agriculture

IPPS

Internet Programming and Promotion Service

In English

• Software
• Internet

IPPS

International Parallel Processing Symposium

In English

• Congresses
• Computer-based techniques
• Mathematics

IPPS

International Pelvic Pain Society

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Pathology

IPPS

International Pre-Platonic Studies

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Philosophy, psychology
• Literature

IPPS

The International Plant Propagators Society

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• Agriculture
• All countries

IPPSM

IEE Proceedings: Physical Science Measurement and Instrumentation Management and Education Reviews

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Physics

IPPT

Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki (www.ippt.gov.pl)

In Polish

• Research institutes
• Engineering, technology
• Poland

IPQ

Instituto Português da Qualidade (www.ipq.pt)

In Portuguese

• Quality management
• Portugal

IPQ

International Philosophical Quarterly

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Philosophy, psychology
• All countries

IPR

Internacia Pedagogia Revuo (https://www.ilei.info/ipr/)

In Esperanto

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Education
• All countries

IPR

Institute of Pacific Relations

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• International relations

IPR

In-Process Review

In English

• Quality management

IPR

Interim Problem Report

The abbreviation IPR (Interim Problem Report) includes the abbreviation PR (Problem Report).

In English

• Reports, notices
• Knowledge management
• Quality management

IPRC

International Pacific Research Center (http://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu)

In English

• Research institutes
• Meteorology, climatology

IPRCS

Irish Pattern Recognition and Classification Society

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• Learned societies
• Pattern recognition
• Artificial intelligence
• Ireland

IPRSP

IEE Proceedings: Radar and Signal Processing

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Electronics
• Telecommunications

IPS

Information Processing System

In English

• Computer science

IPS

International Pipe Standard

In English

• Standardization
• All countries

IPS

Institut Paul Scherrer (https://www.psi.ch/fr)

= PSI | Paul Scherrer Institut | In German

In French

• Research institutes
• Mathematics and natural sciences
• Nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics
• Nuclear technology
• Switzerland

IPS

International Primatological Society (https://www.internationalprimatologicalsociety.org/)

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• Learned societies
• Primates
• All countries

IPS

Intrusion Prevention System

In English

• Software

IPSI

Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Informationssysteme (www.ipsi.fraunhofer.de)

In German

• Computer science
• Knowledge management
• Germany

IPSI

Institut de Presse et des Sciences de l'Information (www.ipsi.rnu.tn)

In French

• Specialized colleges
• Press

IPSI

Institut pour la Promotion des Sciences de l'Ingénieur (www.ipsi-cetim.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Engineering, technology

IPSI

Islamic Propagation Society International

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• Islam
• All countries
• Malaysia

IPSJ

Information Processing Society of Japan

In English

• Non-governmental organizations
• Data processing
• Japan

IPSL

Interface Problem Status Log

In English

• Human-computer interaction

IPSS

Integrated Project Scheduling System

In English

• 005552

IPSSE

IEE Proceedings: Solid-State Electron Devices

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Electronics

IPT

Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (www.ipt.br)

In Portuguese

• Research institutes
• Fishing, hunting
• Brazil

IPTEA

Internacia Poŝtista kaj Telekomunikista Esperanto-Asocio

In Esperanto

• Associations
• Telecommunications
• Transport and postal services
• Esperanto

IPTL

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Photonics Technology Letters

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Optics
• Telecommunications

IPTL

Institut Pédagogique du Transport et de Logistique

In French

• Education
• Transport and postal services
• Physical resources management
• France

IPTR

In-Process Technical Review

In English

• Quality management
• Engineering, technology

IPWG

Integrated Project Working Group

In English

• Organizational divisions
• Project management

IQ

Ingénieur Qualité

In French

• Quality management

IQOQI

Institut für Quantenoptik und Quantenkommunikation (www.iqoqi.at)

= IQOQI | Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information | In English

In German

• Research institutes
• Optics
• Quantum mechanics
• Austria

IQOQI

Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (www.iqoqi.at)

= IQOQI (see above)

In English

• Research institutes
• Optics
• Quantum mechanics
• Austria

IQSA

International Qajar Studies Association

In English

• Associations

IR

Interchangeability and Replaceability

In English

• Engineering, technology
• Maintenance

IR

Information Retrieval

In English

• Libraries

IR

Integration Review

In English

• Quality management

IR&D

Independent Research and Development

In English

• Research policy
• Engineering, technology

IRA

Infrared Astronomy

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Astronomy
• Optics

IRA

Indemnité de Responsabilité Administrative

In French

• Personnel management
• Public administration

IRAL

International Review of Applied Linguistics (https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/IRAL/html)

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Linguistics
• All countries

IRAM

Instituto Argentino de Racionalización de Materiales

In Spanish

• Organizations and associations
• Standardization
• Argentina

IRAM

Input Random Access Memory

The abbreviation IRAM (Input Random Access Memory) includes the abbreviation RAM (Random Access Memory).

In English

• Memories

IRAM

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique

In French

• Research institutes
• Astronomy

IRAN

Iranian Resources for Academic Needs

In English

• Libraries
• Documentation
• Iran

IRANDOC

Iranian Information & Documentation Center

In English

• Documentation
• Iran

IRANET

Iranian Research and Academic Network

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Research policy
• Higher education
• Iran

IRAS

Internet Review Arno Schmidt

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Internet

IRAS

Interreligiöse Arbeitsgemeinschaft in der Schweiz

In German

• Associations
• Religion, theology
• Switzerland

IRAS

Istituto Spezzino Ricerche Astronomiche

In Italian

• Research institutes
• Astronomy

IRB

Institutional Review Board

The abbreviation IRB (Institutional Review Board) is included in the abbreviation HSIRB (Health Sciences Institutional Review Board), and it includes the abbreviation RB (Review Board).

In English

• Management bodies
• Quality management
• Ethics
• Medicine

IRB

International Rugby Board

In English

• Organizations and associations
• Football and rugby
• All countries

IRC

Internet Relay Chat

In English

• Software
• Internet

IRCAD

Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif (https://www.ircad.fr/)

In French

• Research institutes
• Oncology
• Digestive diseases
• France

IRCAM

Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (www.ircam.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Music
• Technical acoustics
• France

IRCC

Institute for Research on Contemporary China

In English

• Research institutes
• Area studies
• China

IRCCS

Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

In Italian

• Research institutes
• Research policy

IRCCyN

Institut de Recherche en Communications et Cybernétique de Nantes (www.irccyn.ec-nantes.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Telecommunications
• Electronics
• France

IRCICA

Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture

In English

• Research institutes
• Islam
• Arts, entertainment
• History
• Civilization, culture, progress

IRCJS

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

In English

• Research institutes
• Area studies
• All countries
• Japan

IRCL

International Review of Chinese Linguistics

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Linguistics
• China
• All countries

IRCT

Institut de Recherche Cotonnière et des fibres Textiles exotiques

In French

• Research institutes
• Textile industry

IRD

Information Requirements Description

In English

• Knowledge management

IRD

Information Requirements Document

The abbreviation IRD (Information Requirements Document) includes the abbreviation RD (Requirements Document).

In English

• Knowledge management
• Quality management

IRD

Integration Requirements Document

The abbreviation IRD (Integration Requirements Document) includes the abbreviation RD (Requirements Document).

In English

• Knowledge management
• Quality management

IRD

Interface Requirements Document

The abbreviation IRD (Interface Requirements Document) includes the abbreviation RD (Requirements Document).

In English

• Knowledge management
• Quality management
• Human-computer interaction

IRE

Institutul Naţional Român pentru Studiul Amenajării şi Folosirii Surselor de Energie

In Romanian

• Organizations and associations
• Energy economics

IREA

Irana Esperanto-Asocio

In Esperanto

• Associations
• Esperanto
• Iran

IREJO

Irana Esperantista Junulara Organizo

In Esperanto

• Non-governmental organizations
• Esperanto
• Iran

IREM

Institut de Recherches sur l'Enseignement des Mathématiques

In French

• Research institutes
• Education
• Mathematics

IRES

Institut de Recherches Économiques et Sociales

In French

• Research institutes
• Social sciences
• Economics

IRESCO

Institut de Recherche Européen en Sociologie et Socio-économie

In French

• Research institutes
• Sociology
• Economics
• Europe

IRESCO

Institut de Recherche sur les Sociétés Contemporaines

In French

• Research institutes
• Sociology

IREWG

Institute for Research and Education on Women and Gender (www.womenandgender.buffalo.edu)

In English

• Research institutes
• Education
• Social sciences
• Feminism

IRG

(Marie Curie) International Reintegration Grants

In English

• Research policy
• Labour

IRH

International Review of Hydrobiology

In English

• Periodicals, serial publications
• Biology

IRH

Institut des Ressources Humaines

In French

• Higher education
• Personnel management
• Labour
• France

IRI

Islamic Research Institute

In English

• Research institutes
• Islam

IRI

Internationalized Resource Identifier

In English

• Knowledge management
• Networks, communication
• All countries

IRI

Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation (www.iri.centrepompidou.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Research policy
• Civilization, culture, progress
• France

IRIS

Institut des Relations Internationales et Stratégiques (https://www.iris-france.org/)

In English

• Associations
• Research institutes
• International relations
• France
• All countries

IRIS

Imaginons un Réseau Internet Solidaire

In French

• Internet
• Organizations and associations

IRIS

Italian Research Interim Stage

In English

• Research policy
• Italia

IRIS

Indexation et Reconnaissance d'Images par la Sémantique

In French

• Pattern recognition
• Semiotics

IRIS

Inter-Regiona Internacia Semajno

In Esperanto

• Congresses

IRIS

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (www.iris.edu)

In English

• Research institutes
• Seismology, earthquakes

IRIS

Immobilisations Regroupées et Inventoriées sous SAP

In French

• Software
• Accounting

IRIS

Institut de Recherches sur les Implications de la langue des Signes

In French

• Research institutes
• Linguistics

IRIS

Institut Régional Informatique Supérieur de Nantes

In French

• Specialized colleges
• Computer science
• France

IRIT

Institut de Recherche Informatique de Toulouse (www.irit.fr)

In French

• Research institutes
• Computer science
• France