Abbreviations related to the theme ‘Language, linguistics, literature’
- Code
-
Meaning
Language
Themes and places
- LI
-
Lingvo Internacia
- LI
-
Lingvisticæ Investigationes
- LIBE
-
Ligo Internacia de Blindaj Esperantistoj
- LIMC
-
Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae
- LINEE
-
Languages in a Network of European Excellence
- LISA
-
Localization Industry Standards Association (www.lisa.org)
- LK
-
Lingva Komitato
- LK
-
Lingva Komitatano
- LLI
-
Laboratoire de Linguistique Informatique
- LLT
-
Language Learning and Technology Journal (http://llt.msu.edu)
- LLZ
-
Lazaro Ludoviko Zamenhof
- LM
-
Language Model
The abbreviation LM (Language Model) is included in abbreviations such as FLM (Factored Language Model), REALM (Retrieval-Augmented Language Model pre-training), NLM͕ (Neural Language Model) and PLM (Pretrained Language Model).
- LMLP
-
La Monda Lingvo-Problemo
- LOdE
-
La Ondo de Esperanto
- LSA
-
Latent Semantic Analysis
- LSG
-
Ligo de Samseksamaj Geesperantistoj
- LSI
-
Latent Semantic Indexing
- LSJ
-
Liddell-Scott-Jones
- LSP
-
Language for Specific Purposes
- LSP
-
Linguistic Society of the Philippines (https://www.lsphil.net/)
- LSQ
-
Langue des Signes Québécoise
LSQ is equivalent to QSL (Quebec Sign Language) in English.
- LTE
-
London Tests of English
- LVC
-
Light-Verb Construction
- LVCSR
-
Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition
- LVE
-
Lille-Villeneuve-Espéranto
- LWB
-
Lothringisches Wörterbuch
- MAF
-
Morpho-Syntactic Annotation Framework
- MAF
-
Międzynarodowy Alfabet Fonetyczny
MAF is equivalent to AFI (Alfabetul Fonetic Internaţional) in Romanian, LFE (Lizherenneg Fonetikel Etrebroadel) in Breton, МФА (Международната фонетична азбука) in Bulgarian, IPA (Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet) in Tosk, AFI (Alfabet Fonètic Internacional) in Catalan, IFA (Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto) in Esperanto, IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) in English, ΔΦΑ (Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο) in Greek, IPA (Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet) in German, API (Alphabet Phonétique International) in French, AFI (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional) in Spanish, AFI (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional) in Galician, NAF (Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa) in Basque, IPA (Internationaalt Phonetescht Alphabet) in Letzeburgesh, AFI (Alfabeto Fonetico Internazionale) in Italian, МФА (Международный фонетический алфавит) in Russian, AFI (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional) in Portuguese, AFI (Alfabet Fonetic Internacionau) in Occitan, AFE (Alfabet Fonetike Eternåcionå) in Walloon, IFA (Internationoal Fonetisch Alfabet) in West Flemish, AFN (Alfabeti Fonetik Ndërkombëtar) in Albanian, IFA (Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet) in Afrikaans, AFI (Alfabetu Fonéticu Internacional) in Asturian, ХГЬА (Халкъаздагьоркьосеб гьаркьазул алфавит) in Avar, IPA (Internationals Phonetischs Alphabet) in Austro-Bavarian, ХАФӘ́ (Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит) in Bashkir, МФА (Міжнародны фанетычны алфавіт) in Belarusian, AFE (Alfabèt Fonètico Entèrnacionâl) in Franco-Provençal, YFA (Ynternasjonaal Fonetysk Alfabet) in Frisian, AIF (Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta) in Irish, API (Alphabeto Phonetic International) in Interlingua, IPA (Internasional a Ponetiko nga Alpabeto) in Ilocano, IFA (Internaciona Fonetik Alfabeto) in Ido, AFN (Alfabeya Fonetîk a Navneteweyî) in Kurdish, API (Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale) in Latin, AFI (Alfabeta Fonetical Internasional) in Lingua Franca Nova, TFA (Tarptautinė Fonetinė Abėcėlė) in Lithuanian, МФА (Меѓународна фонетска азбука) in Macedonian, AFA (Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa) in Malay, AFI (Abc Fonético Anternacional) in the MWL language, IPA (Internatschonal Phoneetsch Alphabet) in Low German, IFA (Internasjonale Fonetiske Alfabetet) in Norwegian, AFI (Alfabèt Fonétiko Internashonal) in Papiamento, IPA (Innernatiunaal Phoneddisch Alphebedd) in the PDC language, EFA (Entanashunal Fonetikl Alfabet) in Pitkern, AFI (Alfabet Fonétich Intërnassional) in Piedmontese, IPA (Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet) in Scots, МФА (Међународна фонетска абецеда) in Serbian, AFI (Alfabetu Fonétiku Internasionál) in Tetum, PPA (Pandaigdigang Ponetikong Alpabeto) in Tagalog, МФА (Міжнародний фонетичний алфавіт) in Ukrainian, LFB (Lafab Fonetik Bevünetik) in Volapük.
- MAH
-
Master of Arts in Humanities
- MAHT
-
Machine-Aided Human Translation
- MASS
-
Mexican Association for Semiotic Studies
- MCJLE
-
Melbourne Centre for Japanese Language Education
- MCLC
-
Modern Chinese Literature and Culture Resource Center
- MEJ
-
Middle East Journal
- MEJ
-
(The) Middle East Journal
- MEKARO
-
MezKanada Renkontiĝo de Esperanto
- MEL
-
Muzika Esperanto Ligo
- MEM
-
Mondpaca Esperantista Movado
- MEMO
-
Montreal Esperanto Movement
MEMO is equivalent to MEMO (Mouvement Espéranto-Montréal) in French, MEMO (Montreala Esperanta Movado) in Esperanto.
- MEMO
-
Mouvement Espéranto-Montréal
MEMO is equivalent to MEMO (see above).
- MEMO
-
Montreala Esperanta Movado
MEMO is equivalent to MEMO (see above).
- MESZ
-
Magyarországi Eszperantó Szövetség
MESZ is equivalent to HEA (Hungara Esperanto-Asocio) in Esperanto.
- MFC
-
Mel Frequency Cepstral
- MFCC
-
Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients
- MGSA
-
Modern Greek Studies Association
- MGWJ
-
Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums
- MIALS
-
Melbourne Institute of Asian Languages and Societies
- MIESZ
-
Magyar Ifjúsági Eszperantó Szövetség
MIESZ is equivalent to HEJ (Hungara Esperanto-Junularo) in Esperanto.
- MIMOSA
-
Migration et Mobilité - Sémantique et Applications
- MLL
-
Modern Languages and Literature
- MMI
-
Media Mining Indexer
- MMIE
-
Maximum Mutual Information Estimation
- MSLC
-
Miscellanea di Studi di Letteratura Cristiana
- MSOS
-
Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen
- MSS
-
Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft
- MVC
-
Multi-Verb Construction
- MVR
-
Multilingual Vocabulary Repository
- MWE
-
Multiword Expression
- NAACLT
-
North American Association for Celtic Language Teachers (http://www.naaclt.org)
- NAF
-
Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa
NAF is equivalent to MAF, AFI, LFE, МФА, IPA, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, PPA, LFB (see above).
- NAMIC
-
News Agencies Multilingual Information Categorization
- NAPH
-
National Association of Professors of Hebrew (http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/naph/)
- NASK
-
Nord-Amerika Somera Kursaro
- NCC
-
North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources (https://guides.nccjapan.org/homepage)
- NCJLT
-
National Council of Japanese Language Teachers
- NCLRC
-
National Capital Language Resource Center (www.nclrc.org)
- NCOLR
-
National Council on Orientalist Library Resources
- NCSTJ
-
National Council of Secondary Teachers of Japanese
- NEALRC
-
National East Asian Languages Resource Center
- NECTFL
-
Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
- NEJ
-
Nederlanda Esperanta Junularo (https://esperanto-jongeren.nl/)
NEJ is equivalent to NEJ (Nederlandse Esperantojongeren) in Dutch.
- NEJ
-
Nederlandse Esperantojongeren (https://esperanto-jongeren.nl/)
NEJ is equivalent to NEJ (see above).
- NEK
-
Nordjyllands Esperanto-Klub
NEK is equivalent to NEK (Nordjutlanda Esperanto-Klubo) in Esperanto.
- NEK
-
Nordjutlanda Esperanto-Klubo
NEK is equivalent to NEK (see above).
- NEL
-
Norvega Esperantista Ligo (www.esperanto.no)
- NELC
-
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
- NELC
-
Near Eastern Languages and Cultures
- NEM
-
Neŭtrala Esperanto-Movado
- NER
-
Named Entity Recognition
- NETS
-
New English Translation of the Septuagint
- NEU
-
Næstved Esperanto-Union
- NIJL
-
National Institute of Japanese Literature (https://www.nijl.ac.jp/en/)
- NIT
-
Namgyal Institute of Tibetology
- NITA
-
Nevada Interpreters and Translators Association (https://www.nitaonline.org/)
- NJE
-
Norvega Junularo Esperantista
- NJECD
-
New Japanese-English Character Dictionary
- NLG
-
Natural Language Generation
- NLM͕
-
Neural Language Model
The abbreviation NLM͕ (Neural Language Model) includes the abbreviation LM (Language Model).
- NLP
-
Natural Language Processing
NLP is equivalent to TAL (Traitement Automatique des Langues) in French, TALN (Traitement Automatique du Langage Naturel) in French, TAL (Traitement Automatique du Langage) in French.
- NLP
-
Neuro-Linguïstisch Programmeren
NLP is equivalent to PNL (Programmation Neuro-Linguistique) in French.
- NMELRC
-
National Middle East Language Resource Center
- NMES
-
Near and Middle Eastern Studies
- NOA
-
Norma Ortográfica Andaluza
- NOGESO
-
NOrda Grupo de Esperanto-StudadO
- NORTANA
-
Norwegian Researchers and Teachers Association of North America (https://nortana.org/)
- NPIV
-
Nova Plena Ilustrita Vortaro
The abbreviation NPIV (Nova Plena Ilustrita Vortaro) includes the abbreviation PIV (Plena Ilustrita Vortaro).
- NR
-
Novjara Renkontiĝo
- NRhWB
-
Rheinisches Wörterbuch Nachträge
- NSC
-
Nepal Study Center
- NTSC
-
National Thai Studies Centre
- NTU
-
Nederlandse Taalunie (http://aalunieversum.org/taalunie/)
- NYSAFLT
-
New York State Association of Foreign Language Teachers (https://nysaflt.org/)
- NZEA
-
Nov-Zelanda Esperanto-Asocio (http://eo.esperanto.org.nz/)
NZEA is equivalent to NZEA (New Zealand Esperanto Association) in English.
- NZEA
-
New Zealand Esperanto Association (https://www.esperanto.org.nz/)
NZEA is equivalent to NZEA (see above).
- NoJEF
-
Norwich Jubilee Esperanto Foundation
- OASIS
-
Objets Actifs, Sémantique, Internet et Sécurité
- OED
-
Oxford English Dictionary
- OEP
-
Observatoire Européen du Plurilinguisme
- OESI
-
Oficina del Español en la Sociedad de la Información (http://oesi.cervantes.es)
- OGG
-
Ordre de la Grande Gidouille
- OIL
-
Ontology Inference Layer
- OLZ
-
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung
- ONAMA
-
Ontology of Narratives of the Middle Ages
- OQLF
-
Office Québécois de la Langue Française (https://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/)
- OS
-
Orientalia Suecana
- OSIEK
-
Organiza Societo de Internaciaj Esperanto-Konferencoj
- OTL
-
Online Tamil Lexicon
- OTT
-
Onvoltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd
- OULIPO
-
OUvroir de LIttérature POtentielle
- OVT
-
Onvoltooid Verleden Tijd
- OWL
-
Web Ontology Language
- OWL-D
-
Ontology Web Language Description Logics
- OWL-S
-
Web Ontology Language for Web Services
- PAA
-
People Also Ask
- PAG
-
Plena Analiza Gramatiko
- PARADISEC
-
Pacific And Regional Archive for DIgital Sources in Endangered Cultures
- PASSAGE
-
Produire des Annotations Syntaxiques à Grande Échelle
- PBML
-
Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics
- PCFG
-
Probabilistic Context Free Grammars
- PEF
-
Pôle (interdisciplinaire) d’Études Françaises
- PEJ
-
Portugala Esperanto-Junularo
- PEJ
-
Pola Esperanto-Junularo
- PEK
-
Perfektiga Esperanto-Kurso
- PEM
-
Por-Esperanta Mormonaro
- PG
-
Plena Gramatiko
- PGPUE
-
Plan General de Promoción del Uso del Euskera
- PIE
-
Proto-Indo-European
- PIITHIE
-
Plagiat et Impact de l'Information Textuelle recHerchée dans un contexte InterlinguE (www.piithie.com)
- PISAI
-
Pontificio Istituto di Studi Arabi e d'Islamistica (https://www.pisai.it/)
PISAI is equivalent to PISAI (Pontificium Institutum Studiorum Arabicorum et Islamicorum) in Latin.
- PISAI
-
Pontificium Institutum Studiorum Arabicorum et Islamicorum (https://www.pisai.it/)
PISAI is equivalent to PISAI (see above).
- PIV
-
Plena Ilustrita Vortaro
The abbreviation PIV (Plena Ilustrita Vortaro) is included in the abbreviation NPIV (Nova Plena Ilustrita Vortaro).
- PLM
-
Pretrained Language Model
The abbreviation PLM (Pretrained Language Model) includes the abbreviation LM (Language Model).
- PMEG
-
Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko
- PNL
-
Programmation Neuro-Linguistique
PNL is equivalent to NLP, PNL (see above).
- POS
-
Part Of Speech
- PPA
-
Pandaigdigang Ponetikong Alpabeto
PPA is equivalent to MAF, AFI, LFE, МФА, IPA, IFA, ΔΦΑ, API, NAF, AFE, AFN, ХГЬА, ХАФӘ́, YFA, AIF, TFA, AFA, EFA, LFB (see above).
- PPT
-
Paraprofessional Translator
- PR
-
Printempa Renkontiĝo
- PT
-
Professional Translator
- PV
-
Plena Vortaro
- PakEsA
-
Pakistana Esperanto-Asocio
- PfWB
-
Pfälzisches Wörterbuch
- QA
-
Question Answering
The abbreviation QA (Question Answering) is included in the abbreviation CoQA (Conversational Question Answering).
- QSL
-
Quebec Sign Language
QSL is equivalent to LSQ, QSL (see above).
- QUCC
-
Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica
- RAAN
-
Rendiconti dell'Accademia di Archeologia, Lettere e Belle Arti di Napoli
- RADE
-
Rotaria Amikaro de Esperantistoj
- RAL
-
Research in African Literature
- RAP
-
Reconnaissance Automatique de la Parole
RAP is equivalent to ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition) in English.
- RCCT
-
Registration Center of Certificated Translators
- RDUES
-
Research and Development Unit for English Studies
- REALM
-
Retrieval-Augmented Language Model pre-training
The abbreviation REALM (Retrieval-Augmented Language Model pre-training) includes the abbreviation LM (Language Model).
- REF
-
Renkontiĝo de Esperantistaj Familioj
- REG
-
Revue des Études Grecques
- REJM
-
Rusia Esperantista Junulara Movado
- REL
-
Revue des Études Latines
- REU
-
Rusia Esperantista Unio (www.reu.ru)
- REVI
-
Rondo de Esperantistaj Verserĉantoj per Interreto
- REWERSE
-
Reasoning on the Web with Rules and Semantics
- RFIC
-
Rivista di Filologia e di Instruzione Classica
- RLL
-
Romance Languages and Literature
- RNIL
-
Réseau National d'Ingénierie Linguistique
- RPh
-
Revue de Philologie, de littérature et d'histoire ancienne
- RRG
-
Role and Reference Grammar
- RSN
-
Real Soon Now
- RTN
-
Recursive Transition Network
- RhM
-
Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
- RhWB
-
Rheinisches Wörterbuch
- RumEJA
-
Rumana Esperantista Junulara Asocio
- SAA
-
Semantic Audio Analysis
- SACEM
-
Société des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Éditeurs de Musique
- SAES
-
Société des Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Supérieur (www.saesfrance.org)
- SAEST
-
Seminario pri Aplikado de Esperanto en Scienco kaj Tekniko
- SAJAL
-
South African Journal of African Languages
- SALA
-
South Asian Languages Analysis
- SALRC
-
South Asia Language Resource Center
- SALTA
-
South Asian Language Teachers Association
- SAMPA
-
Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet
- SARVA
-
South Asian Residual Vocabulary Assemblage (Project)
- SASA
-
South Asian Studies Association of Australia
- SAT
-
Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (https://satesperanto.org/)
- SATEB
-
Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda en Britio
- SBD
-
Sentence Boundary Disambiguation
The abbreviation SBD (Sentence Boundary Disambiguation) is included in the abbreviation pySBD (Python Sentence Boundary Disambiguation).
- SBL
-
Society of Biblical Literature
- SBLCS
-
Society of Biblical Literature Commentary on the Septuagint
- SCO
-
Studi Classica e Orientali
- SEAHTP
-
South East Asian Historical Texts Project
- SEBIS
-
Semantics in Business Information Systems
- SEF
-
Svenska Esperantoförbundet (https://esperantoforbundet.se/)
- SEF
-
Sveda Esperanto-Federacio