Multilingual dictionary of abbreviations

Abbreviations related to the theme ‘Finance’

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Code

Meaning

Language

Themes and places

IFOP
Instrument Financier d'Orientation de la Pêche

IFOP is equivalent to FIAF (Finanzinstrument für die Ausrichtung der Fischerei) in German, SFOP (Strumento Finanziario di Orientamento della Pesca) in Italian, FIFG (Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance) in English, FFU (Fonden för Fiskets Utveckling) in Swedish.

In French

IFR

Income Fund Reimbursement

In English

    IFR

    International Financing Review (https://www.ifre.com/)

    In English

    IFS
    Internacia Financ-Societo

    IFS is equivalent to IFC (International Finance Corporation) in English, SFI (Société Financière Internationale) in French.

    In Esperanto

    IFU

    Identifiant Fiscal Unique

    In French

    IGF

    Inspection Générale des Finances

    In French

    IIN

    Issuer Identification Number

    In English

    ILFC

    International Lease Finance Corporation

    In English

    IMBA

    Illinois Mortgage Bankers Association

    In English

    IMD

    Indemnité de Mise à Disposition

    In French

      IME
      Institut Monétaire Européen

      IME is equivalent to EMI (European Monetary Institute) in English, EWI (Europäisches Währungsinstitut) in German, EMI (Európai Monetáris Intézet) in Hungarian, ERI (Euroopan rahapoliittinen instituutti) in Finnish, EMI (Europees Monetair Instituut) in Dutch.

      In French

      IMF
      Internacia Mon-Fonduso (www.imf.org)

      IMF is equivalent to FMI (Fonds Monétaire International) in French, IMF (International Monetary Fund) in English, FMI (Fondul Monetar Internaţional) in Romanian, IMF (Internationaal Monetair Fonds) in Dutch.

      In Esperanto

      IMF
      International Monetary Fund (www.imf.org)

      IMF is equivalent to FMI (see above).

      In English

      IMF
      Internationaal Monetair Fonds (www.imf.org)

      IMF is equivalent to FMI (see above).

      In Dutch

      IPO

      Initial Public Offering

      In English

      IR

      Investor Relations

      In English

        IRA

        Individual Retirement Account

        In English

        IRAS

        Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (https://www.iras.gov.sg/)

        In English

        IRPP

        Impôt sur le Revenu des Personnes Physiques

        In French

        ISF

        Impôt Sur la Fortune

        In French

        ISR

        Investissement Socialement Responsable

        In French

          ITAF

          Institut des Techniques Administratives et Financières

          In French

          ITFC

          International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation

          In English

          IVA
          Impost sobre el valor afegit

          IVA is equivalent to BTW (Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde) in Afrikaans, PDV (Porez na dodatu vrijednost) in Bosnian, ДДС (Данъкът върху добавената стойност) in Bulgarian, VAT (Value Added Tax) in English, AVI (Aldonvalora imposto) in Esperanto, ΦΠΑ (Φόρος Προστιθέμενης Αξίας) in Greek, DPH (Daň z přidané hodnoty) in Czech, Moms (Meromsætningsafgift) in Danish, IVA (Impuesto al Valor Agregado) in Spanish, MwSt (Mehrwertsteuer) in German, BTW (Belasting over de Toegevoegde Waarde) in Dutch, MVA (Merverdiavgift) in Norwegian, PVM (Pridėtinės vertės mokestis) in Lithuanian, IVA (Imposta sul Valore Aggiunto) in Italian, VASK (Virðisaukaskattur) in Icelandic, PPN (Pajak Pertambahan Nilai) in Indonesian, Áfa (Általános forgalmi adó) in Hungarian, PDV (Porez na dodanu vrijednost) in Croatian, ALV (Arvonlisävero) in Finnish, מע"מ (מס ערך מוסף) in Hebrew, KDV (Katma Değer Vergisi) in Turkish, VAT (ภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม) in Thai, VAT (மதிப்புக் கூட்டு வரி) in Tamil, DPH (Daň z pridanej hodnoty) in Slovak, НДС (Налог на добавленную стоимость) in Russian, TVA (Taxa pe valoarea adăugată) in Romanian, IVA (Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado) in Portuguese, VAT (增值税) in Chinese languages.

          In Catalan

          IVA
          Impuesto al Valor Agregado

          IVA is equivalent to BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

          In Spanish

          IVA
          Imposta sul Valore Aggiunto

          IVA is equivalent to BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

          In Italian

          IVA
          Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado

          IVA is equivalent to BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

          In Portuguese

          JCB

          Japan Credit Bureau (https://www.global.jcb/en)

          In English

          JEI

          Jeune Entreprise Innovante

          In French

          JEREMIE

          Joint European Resources for Micro to Medium Enterprises initiative

          In English

          JFin

          (The) Journal of Finance

          In English

          KBER
          Központi Bankok Európai Rendszere

          KBER is equivalent to SEBC (Système Européen de Banques Centrales) in French, ESCB (Europski sistem centralnih banaka) in Bosnian, SEBC (Sistema Europeu de Bancs Centrals) in Catalan, ESCB (Det Europæiske System af Centralbanker) in Danish, ESZB (Europäisches System der Zentralbanken) in German, ΕΣΚΤ (Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Κεντρικών Τραπεζών) in Greek, ESCB (European System of Central Banks) in English, ESCB (Eŭropa Sistemo de Centraj Bankoj) in Esperanto, SEBC (Sistema Europeo de Bancos Centrales) in Spanish, EKPS (Euroopa Keskpankade Süsteemi) in Estonian, SEBC (Sistema Europeo delle Banche Centrali) in Italian, ESCB (Europees Stelsel van Centrale Banken) in Dutch, ESSB (Det europeiske systemet av sentralbanker) in Norwegian, ESBC (Europejski System Banków Centralnych) in Polish, SEBC (Sistema Europeu de Bancos Centrais) in Portuguese, ЄСЦБ (Європейська система центральних банків) in Ukrainian, ESCB (Európsky systém centrálnych bánk) in Slovak, ECBS (Europeiska centralbankssystemet) in Swedish.

          In Hungarian

          KDV
          Katma Değer Vergisi

          KDV is equivalent to IVA, BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, НДС, TVA (see above).

          In Turkish

          KKR

          Kohlberg Kravis Roberts

          In many languages

            KOOGO

            Koepel van Ouderverenigingen van het Officieel Gesubsidieerd Onderwijs (https://www.koogo.be/)

            In Dutch

            KPC

            Kommunalkredit Public Consulting

            In German

              KPI

              Key Performance Indicator

              In English

              KRX

              Korea Exchange

              In English

              KSE

              Korea Stock Exchange

              In English

              KSV

              Kreditschutzverband (www.ksv.at)

              In German

              KWF

              Kärntner Wirtschaftsförderungsfonds

              In German

              LARF
              Latin American Reserve Fund (https://flar.com/en)

              LARF is equivalent to FLAR (Fondo Latinoamericano de Reservas) in Spanish.

              In English

              LBB

              Landesbank Berlin (https://www.lbb.de/)

              In German

              LBB

              Legislative Budget Board

              In English

              LBMA

              London Bullion Market Association (www.lbma.org.uk)

              In English

              LBPAM

              La Banque Postale Asset Management

              In French

              LBPSAM

              La Banque Postale Structured Asset Management

              In French

              LCL

              Le Crédit Lyonnais (https://www.lcl.fr/)

              In French

              LDCF

              Least Developed Countries Fund

              In English

              LFI

              Loi de Finances Initiale

              In French

              LFR

              Loi de Finances Rectificative

              In French

              LMBO

              Leveraged Management Buy Out

              In English

                LOCARN

                Low OPEX CAPEX Architecture for Resilient Networks

                In English

                LOLF

                Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances

                In French

                LPF

                Livre des Procédures Fiscales

                In French

                LTCM

                Long Term Capital Management

                In English

                LTV

                Loan-to-Value

                In English

                  MAP
                  Міжнародна асоціація розвитку (https://ida.worldbank.org/en/home)

                  MAP is equivalent to IAD (Internacia Asocio pri Disvolvado) in Esperanto, IDA (International Development Association) in English, AID (Association Internationale de Développement) in French, AIF (Asociación Internacional de Fomento) in Spanish, AID (Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento) in Portuguese, МАР (Международная ассоциация развития) in Russian.

                  In Serbian

                  MAR

                  Minimum Acceptable Return

                  In English

                    MAS

                    Monetary Authority of Singapore

                    In English

                    MBCP

                    Mission Budget Capture Program

                    In English

                    MDB

                    Multilateral Development Bank

                    In English

                    MEA

                    Modèle d'Évaluation par Arbitrage

                    In French

                      MEDAF

                      Modèle d'Équilibre des Actifs Financiers

                      In French

                        MEF

                        Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances

                        In French

                        MESSOC
                        Model Evaluation of Space Station Operations Cost

                        The abbreviation MESSOC (Model Evaluation of Space Station Operations Cost) includes the abbreviation SS (Space Station).

                        In English

                        MFF

                        Multiannual Financial Framework

                        In English

                        MFP

                        Ministerul Finanţelor Publice

                        In Romanian

                        MICEX
                        Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange

                        MICEX is equivalent to ММВБ (Московская межбанковская валютная биржа) in Russian, МБВБ (Мускав банксен валютă биржи) in Chuvash.

                        In English

                        MINEFI

                        MINistère de l'Économie, des Finances et de l'Industrie (www.minefi.gouv.fr)

                        In French

                        MPAA

                        Missouri Professional Auctioneers Association

                        In English

                        MSFN

                        MainStreet Financial Corporation

                        In English

                        MSTCF

                        Maîtrise des Sciences et Techniques Comptables et Financières

                        In French

                        MTF

                        Multilateral Trading Facilities

                        In English

                          MVA
                          Merverdiavgift

                          MVA is equivalent to IVA, BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                          In Norwegian

                          MaFi

                          Mathematical Finance

                          In English

                          Moms
                          Meromsætningsafgift

                          Moms is equivalent to IVA, BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                          In Danish

                          MwSt
                          Mehrwertsteuer

                          MwSt is equivalent to IVA, BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                          In German

                          NABS

                          Nomenclature pour l'Analyse et la comparaison des Budgets et des programmes Scientifiques

                          In French

                          NASDAQ

                          National Association for Security Dealers and Automatic Quotation

                          In English

                          NASDAQ

                          National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

                          In English

                          NBI

                          Nouvelle Bonification Indiciaire

                          In French

                          NEFCO

                          Nordic Environment Finance Corporation

                          In English

                          NOAM

                          Neuflize OBC Asset Management

                          In English

                            NSE

                            National Stock Exchange of India

                            In English

                            NSMD

                            Neuflize, Schlumberger, Mallet, Demachy

                            In many languages

                            NTA

                            National Tax Association (https://ntanet.org/)

                            In English

                            NTF

                            Nigeria Trust Fund

                            In English

                            NUA

                            Net Unrealized Appreciation

                            In English

                              NVCA
                              National Venture Capital Association (https://nvca.org/)

                              The abbreviation NVCA (National Venture Capital Association) includes the abbreviation VC (Venture Capital).

                              In English

                              NYSE

                              New York Stock Exchange (https://www.nyse.com/)

                              In English

                              NÖGUS

                              Niederösterreichischer Gesundheits- und Sozialfonds (https://www.noegus.at/)

                              In German

                              NÖWSVF

                              Niederösterreichs Wirtschaftsförderungs- und Strukturverbesserungsfonds

                              In German

                              OAR

                              Ordre d'Annulation de Recettes

                              In French

                              OBC

                              Odier Bungener Courvoisier

                              In French

                              OBG

                              Oates Breheny Group (www.obg.ie)

                              In English

                                OBPI

                                Option-Based Portfolio Insurance

                                In English

                                  OCRGDF

                                  Office Central pour la Répression de la Grande Délinquance Financière

                                  In French

                                  OFC

                                  Organisme Fisco-Comptable

                                  In French

                                  OIBDA

                                  Operating Income Before Depreciation and Amortization

                                  In English

                                  OMB

                                  Office of Management and Budget

                                  In English

                                  OPC

                                  Organisme de Placement Collectif

                                  In French

                                    OPC

                                    Offre Préalable de Crédit

                                    In French

                                    OPCI

                                    Organisme de Placement Collectif dédié à l'Immobilier

                                    In French

                                      OPCP

                                      Oficiul de Plăţi şi Contractare PHARE

                                      In Romanian

                                      OPT

                                      Opération de Patrimoine et Trésorerie

                                      In French

                                      OTI
                                      Ordre de Transfert Interne

                                      The abbreviation OTI (Ordre de Transfert Interne) includes the abbreviation TI (Transfert Interne).

                                      In French

                                      OTPP

                                      Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan

                                      In English

                                      PAF
                                      Peak Annual Funding
                                      An approach is proposed for the structuring of a planetary mission set wherein the peak annual funding (PAF) is minimized to meet the annual budget restraint as opposed to minimizing the program runout cost.

                                      In English

                                      PAF

                                      Piste d'Audit Fiscal

                                      In French

                                      PAIZ

                                      Państwowej Agencji Inwestycji Zagranicznych

                                      In Polish

                                        PAIiIZ

                                        Polska Agencja Informacji i Inwestycji Zagranicznych (www.paiz.gov.pl)

                                        In Polish

                                        PAS

                                        Prêt à l'Accession Sociale

                                        In French

                                        PAS

                                        Prélèvement À la Source

                                        In French

                                        PBC

                                        The People's Bank of China (http://www.pbc.gov.cn/)

                                        In English

                                        PBDAC

                                        Principal Bank for Development and Agricultural Credit

                                        In English

                                        PCL

                                        Prêt Conventionné Locatif

                                        In French

                                        PCLS

                                        Prêt Conventionné Locatif Social

                                        In French

                                        PDV
                                        Porez na dodatu vrijednost

                                        PDV is equivalent to IVA, BTW, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                                        In Bosnian

                                        PDV
                                        Porez na dodanu vrijednost

                                        PDV is equivalent to IVA, BTW, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                                        In Croatian

                                        PEAEC

                                        Participation des Employeurs Agricoles à l'Effort de Construction

                                        In French

                                        PECIP

                                        Productivity Enhancing Capital Investment Program

                                        In English

                                        PEE

                                        Plan d’Épargne d’Entreprise

                                        In French

                                        PEI

                                        Projet Entreprise Innovante

                                        In French

                                        PEL

                                        Plan d’Épargne Logement

                                        In French

                                        PENELOP

                                        Protocole Étendu et Normalisé d'Échanges en Ligne pour les Opérations Patrimoniales

                                        In French

                                        PFCE

                                        Prestation Fiscale Canadienne pour Enfants

                                        In French

                                        PFP

                                        Program Financial Plan

                                        In English

                                        PGA

                                        Prévision de Gestion Annuelle

                                        In French

                                        PIPE

                                        Private Investment in Public Equity

                                        In English

                                        PKPSBBM

                                        Program Kompensasi Pengurangan Subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak

                                        In Indonesian

                                        PLA
                                        Prêt Locatif Aidé

                                        The abbreviation PLA (Prêt Locatif Aidé) is included in abbreviations such as PLALM (Prêt Locatif Aidé à Loyer Minoré), PLAI (Prêt Locatif Aidé d’Intégration), PLATS (Prêt Locatif Aidé Très Social) and PLAI (Prêt Locatif Aidé d’Insertion).

                                        In French

                                        PLAI
                                        Prêt Locatif Aidé d’Intégration

                                        The abbreviation PLAI (Prêt Locatif Aidé d’Intégration) includes the abbreviation PLA (Prêt Locatif Aidé).

                                        In French

                                        PLAI
                                        Prêt Locatif Aidé d’Insertion

                                        The abbreviation PLAI (Prêt Locatif Aidé d’Insertion) includes the abbreviation PLA (Prêt Locatif Aidé).

                                        In French

                                        PLALM
                                        Prêt Locatif Aidé à Loyer Minoré

                                        The abbreviation PLALM (Prêt Locatif Aidé à Loyer Minoré) includes the abbreviation PLA (Prêt Locatif Aidé).

                                        In French

                                        PLATS
                                        Prêt Locatif Aidé Très Social

                                        The abbreviation PLATS (Prêt Locatif Aidé Très Social) includes the abbreviation PLA (Prêt Locatif Aidé).

                                        In French

                                        PLF

                                        Projet de Loi de Finances

                                        In French

                                        PLI

                                        Prêt Locatif Intermédiaire

                                        In French

                                        PLS

                                        Prêt Locatif Social

                                        In French

                                        PLUS

                                        Prêt Locatif à Usage Social

                                        In French

                                        PNF

                                        Parquet National Financier

                                        In French

                                        PPN
                                        Pajak Pertambahan Nilai

                                        PPN is equivalent to IVA, BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, PVM, VASK, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                                        In Indonesian

                                        PRDF
                                        Présentation et Rapprochement des Données Financières

                                        PRDF is equivalent to FDSR (Financial Data Submission and Reconciliation) in English.

                                        In French

                                        PRS

                                        Pôle de Recouvrement Spécialisé

                                        In French

                                        PRSC

                                        Poverty Reduction Support Credit

                                        In English

                                        PRisMa

                                        Portfolio Risk Management

                                        In English

                                        PSEE

                                        Prestations de Services Essentielles Externalisées

                                        In French

                                        PSI

                                        Prestataire de Services d’Investissement

                                        In French

                                        PTZ

                                        Prêt à Taux Zéro

                                        In French

                                          PVM
                                          Pridėtinės vertės mokestis

                                          PVM is equivalent to IVA, BTW, PDV, ДДС, VAT, AVI, ΦΠΑ, DPH, Moms, MwSt, MVA, VASK, PPN, Áfa, ALV, מע"מ, KDV, НДС, TVA (see above).

                                          In Lithuanian

                                          QIC

                                          Queensland Investment Corporation

                                          In English

                                          QIS

                                          Quantitative Impact Study

                                          In English

                                          QRIP

                                          Quick Return on Investment Program

                                          In English

                                          QuFin

                                          Quantitative Finance

                                          In English

                                          RAI

                                          Résultat Avant Impôt

                                          In French

                                          RB

                                          Rapprochement Bancaire

                                          In French

                                          RC

                                          Revenu Cadastral

                                          In French

                                          RCAI

                                          Résultat Courant avant Impôt

                                          In French

                                          RDIF

                                          Russian Direct Investment Fund

                                          In English

                                          REER

                                          Régime Enregistré d'Épargne-Retraite

                                          In French

                                          REOM

                                          Redevance sur Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères

                                          In French

                                          REV

                                          Recognised European Valuer

                                          In English

                                          RFM

                                          Remboursement Forfaitaire Minimum

                                          In French

                                            RH

                                            Rechnungshof

                                            In German

                                            RIB

                                            Relevé d'Identité Bancaire

                                            In French

                                            RICE

                                            Rélévé d'Identité Caisse d'Épargne

                                            In French

                                            RIP

                                            Relevé d'Identité Postale

                                            In French

                                            RLB

                                            Raiffeisenlandesbank

                                            In German

                                            RNI

                                            Revenu Net Imposable

                                            In French

                                            ROB

                                            Résistance Oblique Baissière

                                            In French

                                            ROCE

                                            Return On Capital Employed

                                            In English

                                            RODP

                                            Redevance pour Occupation du Domaine Public

                                            In French

                                            ROE

                                            Return On Equities

                                            In English

                                            ROI

                                            Return On Investment

                                            In English

                                            RPC

                                            Régime de Pensions du Canada

                                            In French

                                            RPD

                                            Redevance pour Pollution Diffuse

                                            In French

                                            RPU

                                            Revenue Per User

                                            In English

                                              RRA

                                              Rwanda Revenue Authority (https://www.rra.gov.rw/)

                                              In English

                                              RRSP

                                              Registered Retirement Savings Plan

                                              In English

                                              RevPAR

                                              Revenue Per Available Room

                                              In English

                                              S&P

                                              Standard & Poor's

                                              In English

                                                SACI
                                                Société Anonyme de Crédit Immobilier

                                                The abbreviation SACI (Société Anonyme de Crédit Immobilier) includes the abbreviation SA (Société Anonyme).

                                                In French

                                                SARFS

                                                Student Academic Records and Financial Services

                                                In English

                                                SCA

                                                Société en Commandite par Actions

                                                In French

                                                  SCCS

                                                  Securities Clearing and Computer Services Pte Ltd

                                                  In English

                                                  SCF

                                                  Service Comptabilité Finance

                                                  In French

                                                  SCF

                                                  Strategic Climate Fund

                                                  In English

                                                  SCN

                                                  Système de Comptabilité Nationale

                                                  In French

                                                  SCPI

                                                  Société Civile de Placement Immobilier

                                                  In French

                                                    SDE

                                                    Situation des Dépenses Engagées

                                                    In French

                                                    SDR

                                                    Special Drawing Right

                                                    In English

                                                      SDR

                                                      Situation Des Recettes

                                                      In French

                                                      SEBC
                                                      Système Européen de Banques Centrales

                                                      SEBC is equivalent to KBER, ESCB, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, ESSB, ESBC, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above).

                                                      In French

                                                      SEBC
                                                      Sistema Europeu de Bancs Centrals

                                                      SEBC is equivalent to KBER, ESCB, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, ESSB, ESBC, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above).

                                                      In Catalan

                                                      SEBC
                                                      Sistema Europeo de Bancos Centrales

                                                      SEBC is equivalent to KBER, ESCB, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, ESSB, ESBC, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above).

                                                      In Spanish

                                                      SEBC
                                                      Sistema Europeo delle Banche Centrali

                                                      SEBC is equivalent to KBER, ESCB, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, ESSB, ESBC, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above).

                                                      In Italian

                                                      SEBC
                                                      Sistema Europeu de Bancos Centrais

                                                      SEBC is equivalent to KBER, ESCB, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, ESSB, ESBC, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above).

                                                      In Portuguese

                                                      SEF

                                                      Section Économique et Financière

                                                      In French

                                                      SEFTI

                                                      Specialized Fund for Therapeutic Innovation

                                                      In French

                                                        SEHK

                                                        Stock Exchange Hong Kong

                                                        In English

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