Multilingual dictionary of abbreviations

Finance

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Code

Meaning

Language

Themes and places

EMV

Europay, MasterCard and VISA

In English

ENPV

Expected Net Present Value

In English

ENPV

Expanded Net Present Value

In English

EONIA

Euro OverNight Index Average

In English

EPIF

Fédération des Institutions de Paiement Européen

In French

EPRD

État Prévisionnel des Recettes et des Dépenses

In French

ERAB
Eiropas Rekonstrukcijas un attīstības banka

= EBRD | European Bank for Reconstruction and Development | In English
= BERD | Banque Européenne pour la Reconstruction et le Développement | In French
= ЕБВР | Европейска банка за възстановяване и развитие | In Bulgarian
= EBWE | Europäische Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung | In German
= BERS | Banca Europea per la Ricostruzione e lo Sviluppo | In Italian
= BERD | Banco Europeo para la Reconstrucción y el Desarrollo | In Spanish
= EBRE | Eŭropa Banko por Rekonstruo kaj Evoluigo | In Esperanto
= EBOR | Europejski Bank Odbudowy i Rozwoju | In Polish
= ЕБРР | Европейский банк реконструкции и развития | In Russian
= BERD | Banca Europeană pentru Reconstrucţie şi Dezvoltare | In Romanian
= EBRD | Evropská banka pro obnovu a rozvoj | In Czech
= ЄБРР | Європейський банк реконструкції та розвитку | In Ukrainian
= BERD | Banc Europeu de Reconstrucció i Desenvolupament | In Catalan
= BERD | Bancu Européu pa la Reconstrucción y el Desarrollu | In Asturian
= AYİB | Avropa Yenidənqurma və İnkişaf Bankı | In Azerbaijani
= ΕΤΑΑ | Ευρωπαϊκή Τράπεζα Ανασυγκρότησης και Ανάπτυξης | In Greek
= BGEB | Berreraikuntza eta Garapeneko Europako Bankua | In Basque
= EBOR | Europska Banka za Obnovu i Razvitak | In Croatian
= ՎԶԵԲ | Վերակառուցման և զարգացման եվրոպական բանկ | In Armenian
= ERPB | Europos rekonstrukcijos ir plėtros bankas | In Lithuanian
= ЕБОР | Европска банка за обнова и развој | In Macedonian
= ЕСБХБ | Европын сэргээн босголт, хөгжлийн банк | In Mongolian
= EBWO | Europese Bank voor Wederopbouw en Ontwikkeling | In Dutch
= BERD | Banco Europeu para a Reconstrução e o Desenvolvimento | In Portuguese
= EBOR | Európska banka pre obnovu a rozvoj | In Slovak
= BERZH | Banka Evropiane për Rindërtim dhe Zhvillim | In Albanian
= EBRD | Europeiska banken för återuppbyggnad och utveckling | In Swedish

In Latvian

ERDE

État Récapitulatif des Dépenses Éligibles

In French

ERI
Euroopan rahapoliittinen instituutti

= EMI | European Monetary Institute | In English
= EWI | Europäisches Währungsinstitut | In German
= EMI | Európai Monetáris Intézet | In Hungarian
= EMI | Europees Monetair Instituut | In Dutch
= IME | Institut Monétaire Européen | In French

In Finnish

ERPB
Europos rekonstrukcijos ir plėtros bankas

= ERAB, EBRD, BERD, ЕБВР, EBWE, BERS, EBRE, EBOR, ЕБРР, ЄБРР, AYİB, ΕΤΑΑ, BGEB, ՎԶԵԲ, ЕБОР, ЕСБХБ, EBWO, BERZH (see above)

In Lithuanian

ESB
Europska središnja banka (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/)

= EZB | Europäische Zentralbank | In German
= ECB | European Central Bank | In English
= BCE | Banque Centrale Européenne | In French
= ЕЦБ | Европейската централна банка | In Bulgarian
= ECB | Evropska centralna banka | In Bosnian
= BCE | Banc Central Europeu | In Catalan
= ECB | Evropská centrální banka | In Czech
= ECB | Den Europæiske Centralbank | In Danish
= ΕΚΤ | Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα | In Greek
= ECB | Eŭropa Centra Banko | In Esperanto
= BCE | Banco Central Europeo | In Spanish
= EKP | Euroopan keskuspankki | In Finnish
= EKP | Euroopa Keskpanga | In Estonian
= ECB | הבנק המרכזי האירופי | In Hebrew
= EKB | Európai Központi Bank | In Hungarian
= BCE | Banca centrale europea | In Italian
= ECB | ევროპის ცენტრალური ბანკი | In Georgian
= ECB | 유럽 중앙은행 | In Korean
= EZB | Europäesch Zentralbank | In Letzeburgesh
= ECB | Europos Centrinis Bankas | In Lithuanian
= ЕЦБ | Европската централна банка | In Macedonian
= ECB | Europese Centrale Bank | In Dutch
= ESB | Den europeiske sentralbanken | In Norwegian
= EBC | Europejski Bank Centralny | In Polish
= BCE | Banco Central Europeu | In Portuguese
= BCE | Banca Centrală Europeană | In Romanian
= ЄЦБ | Європейський центральний банк | In Ukrainian
= ECB | Európska centrálna banka | In Slovak
= ЕЦБ | Европска централна банка | In Serbian
= ECB | Europeiska centralbanken | In Swedish
= AMB | Avrupa Merkez Bankası | In Turkish

In Croatian

ESB
Den europeiske sentralbanken (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/)

= EZB, ECB, BCE, ЕЦБ, ΕΚΤ, EKP, EKB, EBC, ЄЦБ, AMB (see above)

In Norwegian

ESBC
Europejski System Banków Centralnych

= SEBC | Système Européen de Banques Centrales | In French
= ESCB | Europski sistem centralnih banaka | In Bosnian
= SEBC | Sistema Europeu de Bancs Centrals | In Catalan
= ESCB | Det Europæiske System af Centralbanker | In Danish
= ESZB | Europäisches System der Zentralbanken | In German
= ΕΣΚΤ | Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Κεντρικών Τραπεζών | In Greek
= ESCB | European System of Central Banks | In English
= ESCB | Eŭropa Sistemo de Centraj Bankoj | In Esperanto
= SEBC | Sistema Europeo de Bancos Centrales | In Spanish
= EKPS | Euroopa Keskpankade Süsteemi | In Estonian
= KBER | Központi Bankok Európai Rendszere | In Hungarian
= SEBC | Sistema Europeo delle Banche Centrali | In Italian
= ESCB | Europees Stelsel van Centrale Banken | In Dutch
= ESSB | Det europeiske systemet av sentralbanker | In Norwegian
= SEBC | Sistema Europeu de Bancos Centrais | In Portuguese
= ЄСЦБ | Європейська система центральних банків | In Ukrainian
= ESCB | Európsky systém centrálnych bánk | In Slovak
= ECBS | Europeiska centralbankssystemet | In Swedish

In Polish

ESBC

European Shareholders of Bougainville Copper (www.bougainville-copper.eu)

In German

ESCB
Europski sistem centralnih banaka

= ESBC, SEBC, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In Bosnian

ESCB
Det Europæiske System af Centralbanker

= ESBC, SEBC, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In Danish

ESCB
European System of Central Banks

= ESBC, SEBC, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In English

ESCB
Eŭropa Sistemo de Centraj Bankoj

= ESBC, SEBC, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In Esperanto

ESCB
Europees Stelsel van Centrale Banken

= ESBC, SEBC, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In Dutch

ESCB
Európsky systém centrálnych bánk

= ESBC, SEBC, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In Slovak

ESF
European Social Fund

= FSE | Fonds Social Européen | In French
= FSE | Fondo Social Europeo | In Spanish
= FSE | Fondo Sociale Europeo | In Italian
= ESF | Europees Sociaal Fonds | In Dutch
= EFS | Europejski Fundusz Społeczny | In Polish
= ESF | Europeiska socialfonden | In Swedish

In English

ESF
Europees Sociaal Fonds

= FSE, EFS (see above)

In Dutch

ESF
Europeiska socialfonden

= FSE, EFS (see above)

In Swedish

ESGF

École Supérieure de Gestion et Finance (www.esgf.com)

In French

ESOP

Employee Stock Option Plan

In English

ESSB
Det europeiske systemet av sentralbanker

= ESBC, SEBC, ESCB, ESZB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In Norwegian

ESZB
Europäisches System der Zentralbanken

= ESBC, SEBC, ESCB, ΕΣΚΤ, EKPS, KBER, ESSB, ЄСЦБ, ECBS (see above)

In German

ETEBAC

Échanges Télématiques Banque/Client

In French

ETI
Evénement de Transfert Interne

The abbreviation ETI (Evénement de Transfert Interne) includes the abbreviation TI (Transfert Interne).

In French

ETS

Emissions Trading Scheme

In English

EUF
Den Europæiske Udviklingsfond

= EDF | European Development Fund | In English
= ЄФР | Європейський фонд розвитку | In Ukrainian

In Danish

EWI
Europäisches Währungsinstitut

= ERI, EMI, IME (see above)

In German

EZB
Europäische Zentralbank (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/)

= ESB, ECB, BCE, ЕЦБ, ΕΚΤ, EKP, EKB, EBC, ЄЦБ, AMB (see above)

In German

EZB
Europäesch Zentralbank (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/)

= ESB, ECB, BCE, ЕЦБ, ΕΚΤ, EKP, EKB, EBC, ЄЦБ, AMB (see above)

In Letzeburgesh

F&A

Finance & Accounting

In English

FAA

Fonds Avenir Automobile

In French

FAC

Fonds Académique de Compensation

In French

FAC

Fonds d'Action Culturelle

In French

FADIP

Fonds d'Aménagement et de Développement des Îles de Polynésie française

In French

FAF

Fonds d'Assurance Formation

In French

FAFEA

Fonds d'Assurance Formation des Exploitants Agricoles

In French

FAIL

Fonds d'Aide aux Impayés de Loyer

In French

FAJ

Fonds d'Aide aux Jeunes

In French

FAO

Financial Aid Office

In English

FAO

Finance and Accounting Office

In English

FARG

Fonds d'Aide au Relogement Garanti

In French

FARIF

Fonds d'Aménagement Régional d'Île-de-france

In French

FARPI

Fonds Académique de Rémunération des Personnels d'Internat

In French

FAS

Fonds d'Action Sociale pour les travailleurs immigrés et leurs familles

In French

FASASA

Fonds d'Action Sociale pour l'Aménagement des Structures Agricoles

In French

FASEP

Fonds d'Aide au SEcteur Privé

In French

FASSO

Fonds d'Action Sociale Obligatoire

In French

FAST

Financial Aid Systems Technologies

In English

FATF
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering

The abbreviation FATF (Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering) includes the abbreviation TF (Task Force).

In English

FBF

Fédération Bancaire Française (www.fbf.fr)

In French

FC

Finance Committee

In English

FCC

Farm Credit Canada

In English

FCC

Fichier Central des Chèques

In French

FCC

Fonds Commun de Créances

In French

FCJE

Fonds de Co-investissement pour les Jeunes Entreprises

In French

FCPE

Fonds Commun de Placement d'Entreprise

In French

FCPI

Fonds Commun de Placement dans l’Innovation

In French

FCPR

Fonds Commun de Placement à Risque

In French

FCPR

Fonds Commun de Placement à Risques

In French

FCTVA
Fonds de Compensation pour la Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée

= FCTVA | Fonds de Compensation de la Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée | In French

In French

FCTVA
Fonds de Compensation de la Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée

= FCTVA (see above)

In French

FCV

Fonds de Crédits pour les Villages

In French

FDPTP

Fonds Départemental de Péréquation de la Taxe Professionnelle

In French

FDSR
Financial Data Submission and Reconciliation

= PRDF | Présentation et Rapprochement des Données Financières | In French

In English

FDTPE

Fonds Départemental d'Aide aux Très Petites Entreprises

In French

FEADER
Fonds Européen Agricole pour le Développement Rural

= FEADER | Fondo Europeo Agrícola de Desarrollo Rural | In Spanish
= ELFUL | Europæiske Landbrugsfond for Udvikling af Landdistrikterne | In Danish
= ELER | Europäischer Landwirtschaftsfonds für die Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | In German
= ΕΓΤΑΑ | Ευρωπαϊκό Γεωργικό Ταμείο Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης | In Greek
= EAFRD | European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development | In English
= FEASR | Fondo Europeo Agricolo per lo Sviluppo Rurale | In Italian
= ELFPO | Europees Landbouwfonds voor Plattelandsontwikkeling | In Dutch
= FEADER | Fundo Europeu Agrícola de Desenvolvimento Rural | In Portuguese
= EJFLU | Europeiska jordbruksfonden för landsbygdsutveckling | In Swedish

In French

FEADER
Fondo Europeo Agrícola de Desarrollo Rural

= ELFUL, ELER, ΕΓΤΑΑ, EAFRD, FEASR, ELFPO, EJFLU (see above)

In Spanish

FEADER
Fundo Europeu Agrícola de Desenvolvimento Rural

= ELFUL, ELER, ΕΓΤΑΑ, EAFRD, FEASR, ELFPO, EJFLU (see above)

In Portuguese

FEASR
Fondo Europeo Agricolo per lo Sviluppo Rurale

= FEADER, ELFUL, ELER, ΕΓΤΑΑ, EAFRD, ELFPO, EJFLU (see above)

In Italian

FEBECS

Fonds d’Échange à But Éducatif, Culturel et Sportif

In French

FECL

Fonds d’Équipement pour les Collectivités Locales

In French

FED

Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo

In Spanish

FEEIC

Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

In English

FEI

Financial Executives International (www.financialexecutives.org)

In English

FEI

Fonds Européen d'Investissement

In French

FEM

Fonds pour l’Environnement Mondial

In French

FEP

Fonds Européen de la Pêche

In French

FEPNC

Fonds d’Équipement et de Promotion de la Nouvelle-Calédonie

In French

FFCR

Fonds France-Canada pour la Recherche

In French

FFEM

Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial (https://www.ffem.fr/fr)

In French

FFIEC

Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (www.ffiec.gov)

In English

FFU
Fonden för Fiskets Utveckling

= IFOP | Instrument Financier d'Orientation de la Pêche | In French
= FIAF | Finanzinstrument für die Ausrichtung der Fischerei | In German
= SFOP | Strumento Finanziario di Orientamento della Pesca | In Italian
= FIFG | Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance | In English

In Swedish

FGAS

Fonds de Garantie à l'Accession Sociale à la Propriété

In French

FGAS

Fonds de Garantie de l'Accession Sociale

In French

FIA

Financial Inventory Accounting

In English

FIAF
Finanzinstrument für die Ausrichtung der Fischerei

= FFU, IFOP, SFOP, FIFG (see above)

In German

FICOBA

Fichier des Comptes Bancaires

In French

FICOBA

Fichier national des Comptes Bancaires et Assimilés

In French

FIDA
Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola (www.ifad.org)

= IFAD | International Fund for Agricultural Development | In English
= FIDA | Fonds International de Développement Agricole | In French
= FIDA | Fundo Internacional de Desenvolvimento Agrícola | In Portuguese

In Spanish

FIDA
Fonds International de Développement Agricole (www.ifad.org)

= IFAD (see above)

In French

FIDA
Fundo Internacional de Desenvolvimento Agrícola (www.ifad.org)

= IFAD (see above)

In Portuguese

FIDES

Fonds d'Investissement et de Développement Économique et Social

In French

FIFG
Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance

= FFU, IFOP, FIAF, SFOP, FIFG (see above)

In English

FIMF

Fonds d'Impulsion de la Microfinance

In French

FINEC

Financement des Équipements Collectifs

In French

FINEL

Finanziaria di Partecipazioni Elettriche

In Italian

FIOD

Fiscale Inlichtingen en Opsporingsdienst (https://www.fiod.nl/)

In Dutch

FIP

Fonds d'Investissement de Proximité

In French

FIPOL

Fonds International d’Indemnisation des dommages dus à la Pollution par les hydrocarbures

In French

FIR

Fonds Immobilier Romand

In French

FIR

France Initiative Réseau (www.france-initiative.fr)

In French

FIX

Financial Information eXchange

In English

FLAR
Fondo Latinoamericano de Reservas (https://flar.com/)

= LARF | Latin American Reserve Fund | In English

In Spanish

FMA
Finanzmarktaufsicht

The abbreviation FMA (Finanzmarktaufsicht) includes the abbreviation OS (Operating System).

In German

FMI
Fonds Monétaire International (www.imf.org)

= IMF | Internacia Mon-Fonduso | In Esperanto
= IMF | International Monetary Fund | In English
= FMI | Fondul Monetar Internaţional | In Romanian
= IMF | Internationaal Monetair Fonds | In Dutch

In French

FMI
Fondul Monetar Internaţional (www.imf.org)

= IMF (see above)

In Romanian

FMW

Fair Market Value

In English

FNAC

Fonds National d'Art Contemporain

In French

FNAFU

Fonds National d'Aménagement Foncier et d'Urbanisme

In French

FNAH

Fonds National d'Amélioration de l'Habitat

In French

FNDAE

Fonds National de Développement et des Adductions d'Eau

In French

FNGCA

Fonds National de Garantie des Calamités Agricoles

In French

FNIC

Fonds National Interconsulaire de Compensation

In French

FNMF

Fonds National de la Micro-Finance

In French

FNS

Fonds National de la Science

In French

FOD

Fiche d'Ordonnancement des Dotations

In French

FPS

Amazon Flexible Payments Service

In English

FPU

Fiscalité Professionnelle Unique

In French

FRAPPE

Fonds Régional d’Aide aux Porteurs de Projets Européens

In French

FRM

Financial Risk Management

In English

FRR

Fonds de Réserve pour les Retraites

In French

FSA

Financial Services Authority (www.fsa.gov.uk)

In English

FSAI

Fonds Spécial d'Adaptation Industrielle

In French

FSC

Fonds de Stabilisation des Changes

In French

FSE

Fonds Structurel Européen

In French

FSE
Fonds Social Européen

= ESF, EFS (see above)

In French

FSE
Fondo Social Europeo

= ESF, EFS (see above)

In Spanish

FSE
Fondo Sociale Europeo

= ESF, EFS (see above)

In Italian

FSE

Fonds de Solidarité Énergie

In French

FSER

Fonds de Soutien à l'Expression Radiophonique

In French

FSGT

Fonds Spécial des Grands Travaux

In French

FSH

Fonds de Soutien aux Hydrocarbures

In French

FSIP

Fonds de Soutien aux Industries de Programmes

In French

FSIR

Fonds Spécial d'Investissement Routier

In French

FSL

Fonds de Solidarité pour le Logement

In French

FSL

Fonds Solidarité Logement

In French

FSN

Fiscal Station Number

In English

FSPPE

Fonds du Service Public de la Production d'Électricité

In French

FSVu

Fonds de Solidarité Vieillesse universel

In French

FT

Finance & Technologie

In French

FTF

Finance, Trésorerie, Fiscalité

In French

FTSE

Financial Times Stock Exchange (www.ftse.com)

In English

FUTA

Federal Unemployment Tax Act

In English

FWF

Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (https://www.fwf.ac.at/)

In German

FY
Fiscal Year

The abbreviation FY (Fiscal Year) is included in abbreviations such as CFY (Company Fiscal Year) and GFY (Government Fiscal Year).

In English

GARP

Global Association of Risk Professionals (www.garp.com)

In English

GBA

Groupe des Banques Affiliées

In French

GCP

Gamma Capital Partners (www.gamma-capital.com)

In English

GED-DF

Gestion Électronique de la Documentation de la Direction Financière

In French

GEP

Global Equity Partners

In English

GFCI

Global Financial Centres Index

In English

GFI

Gestion Financière des Investissements

In French

GFY
Government Fiscal Year

The abbreviation GFY (Government Fiscal Year) includes the abbreviation FY (Fiscal Year).

In English

GOBTP

Groupement pour le financement des Ouvrages du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics

In French

GSIT

Groupement pour un Système Interbancaire de Télécompensation

In French

HECF

(École des) Hautes Études Comptables et Financières

In French

HIFIP

Harvard Islamic Finance Information Program

In English

HMRC

Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs

In English

HT

Hors Taxes

In French

IADB
Inter-American Development Bank (https://www.iadb.org/en)

= BID | Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo | In Spanish
= IDB | Inter-American Development Bank | In English
= BID | Banque Interaméricaine de Développement | In French
= BID | Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento | In Portuguese

In English

IAF

Interessengemeinschaft Ausbildung im Finanzbereich

In German

IBAN

International Bank Account Number

In English

IBB

Investitionsbank Berlin

In German

IBB

Internationales Bankhaus Bodensee

In German

IBRD
Internacia Banko por Rekonstruado kaj Disvolvado

= IBRD | International Bank for Reconstruction and Development | In English
= BIRD | Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et le Développement | In French

In Esperanto

IBRD
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

= BIRD (see above)

In English

ICFR

Inspection Comptable et Financière Régionale

In French

ICFS

Indemnité Compensatoire de Frais Spéciaux

In French

ICG

Intermediate Capital Group (www.icgplc.com)

In English

ICIEC

Islamic Corporation for the Insurance of Investment & Export Credit

In English

ID

Islamic Dinar

In English

ID

Impôt Différé

In French

IDA
International Development Association (https://ida.worldbank.org/en/home)

= AID | Association Internationale de Développement | In French
= AIF | Asociación Internacional de Fomento | In Spanish
= AID | Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento | In Portuguese
= МАР | Международная ассоциация развития | In Russian
= MAP | Міжнародна асоціація розвитку | In Serbian

In English

IDA

Impôt Différé Actif

In French

IDB
Inter-American Development Bank (https://www.iadb.org/en)

= IADB, BID, IDB (see above)

In English

IDB

Islamic Development Bank (www.isdb.org)

In English

IDE

Investissements Directs à l'Étranger

In French

IDP

Impôt Différé Passif

In French

IFA

Impôt Forfaitaire Annuel

In French

IFAD
International Fund for Agricultural Development (www.ifad.org)

= FIDA, IFAD (see above)

In English

IFBS

International Financial Business Solutions

In English

IFC
International Finance Corporation

= IFS | Internacia Financ-Societo | In Esperanto
= SFI | Société Financière Internationale | In French

In English

IFOP
Instrument Financier d'Orientation de la Pêche

= FFU, FIAF, SFOP, FIFG (see above)

In French

IFR

Income Fund Reimbursement

In English

IFR

International Financing Review (https://www.ifre.com/)

In English

IFS
Internacia Financ-Societo

= IFC, SFI (see above)

In Esperanto

IFU

Identifiant Fiscal Unique

In French

IGF

Inspection Générale des Finances

In French

IIN

Issuer Identification Number

In English

ILFC

International Lease Finance Corporation

In English

IMBA

Illinois Mortgage Bankers Association

In English

IMD

Indemnité de Mise à Disposition

In French

IME
Institut Monétaire Européen

= ERI, EMI, EWI, IME (see above)

In French

IMF
Internacia Mon-Fonduso (www.imf.org)

= FMI, IMF (see above)

In Esperanto

IMF
International Monetary Fund (www.imf.org)

= FMI, IMF (see above)

In English

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