Çok dilli kısaltmalar sözlüğü

‘Organizasyonlar ve dernekler’ temasıyla ilgili kısaltmalar

Sayfaya gitmek 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53
Kod

Anlam

Dil

Temalar ve yerler

ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization

ICAO = IOCA (Internacia Organizaĵo pri Civila Aviado) esperanto dilinde, OACI (Organisation de l’Aviation Civile Internationale) fransızcada, OACI (Organització de l’Aviació Civil Internacional) katalancada, ICAO (Internacia Civila Aviada Organizaĵo) esperanto dilinde, OACI (Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional) İspanyolcada, HEZINE (Hegazkineria Zibilaren Nazioarteko Erakundea) baskça, OACI (Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional) portekizcede, OACI (Organización d'Aviación Civil Internacional) asturyasça, OACI (Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional) galiçyaca, TCAO (Tarptautinė Civilinės Aviacijos Organizacija) litvanca, ИКАО (Международная организация гражданской авиации) rusçada.

İngilizcede

ICAO
Internacia Civila Aviada Organizaĵo

ICAO = IOCA, OACI, HEZINE, TCAO, ИКАО (yukarıyı görmek).

Esperanto dilinde

ICAOB

International Civil Aviation Organization Bulletin

İngilizcede

ICAP

International Conference on Atomic Physics

İngilizcede

ICAP

Idaho Child Abuse Prevention

İngilizcede

ICAR

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (www.icar.org.in)

İngilizcede

ICAR

Incubateur de Champagne-Ardenne

Fransızcada

ICARDA

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

İngilizcede

ICARE

Installation Confinée d’Analyses et de Recherches Environnementales

Fransızcada

ICAS

International Convention of Asia Scholars

İngilizcede

ICAS

Institute for Corean-American Studies (https://www.icasinc.org/)

İngilizcede

ICASSP

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

İngilizcede

ICB

International Centre of Biocybernetics

İngilizcede

ICBO

International Conference of Building Officials

İngilizcede

ICC

International Association for Cereal Science and Technology

İngilizcede

ICC

Internet Chess Club (https://www.chessclub.com/)

İngilizcede

ICC
International Chamber of Commerce (https://iccwbo.org/)

ICC = CCI (Cámara de Comercio Internacional) İspanyolcada, CCI (Chambre de Commerce Internationale) fransızcada, CCI (Câmara de Comércio Internacional) portekizcede.

İngilizcede

ICC
International Computing Centre (https://www.unicc.org/)

ICC = CICE (Centro Internacional de Cálculos Electrónicos) İspanyolcada, CIC (Centre International de Calcul) fransızcada, CIC (Centro Internacional de Computação) portekizcede.

İngilizcede

ICCA

International Congress and Convention Association

İngilizcede

ICCAT

International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (www.iccat.es)

İngilizcede

ICCHP

International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs

İngilizcede

ICCO

Interkerkelijke organisatie voor ontwikkelingssamenwerking

Felemenkçe

ICCPR

International Conference on Cultural Policy Research

İngilizcede

ICCRF

International Chamber of Commerce Research Foundation

İngilizcede

ICCSNT

International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology

İngilizcede

ICD

Institute for Cultural Diplomacy

İngilizcede

ICDAA
International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association (www.aiad-icdaa.org)

ICDAA = AIAD (Association Internationale des Avocats de la Défense) fransızcada.

İngilizcede

ICDAR

International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition

İngilizcede

ICEBE

International Conference on e-Business Engineering

İngilizcede

ICEI

Istituto Cooperazione Economica Internazionale

İtalyancada

ICEIS

International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

İngilizcede

ICEM

Institut Català d’Estudis Mediterranis

İspanyolcada

ICEM

Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration

İngilizcede

ICES

International Council for Exploration of the Sea

Fransızcada

ICES

International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (www.ices.inst.dk)

İngilizcede

ICF

International Canoe Federation (https://www.canoeicf.com/)

İngilizcede

ICF

International Christian Fellowship

İngilizcede

ICF

International Coach Federation (https://coachfederation.org/)

İngilizcede

ICF

Institutul de Chimie Fizică (www.icf.ro)

Rumencede

ICFTU
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (www.icftu.org)

ICFTU = CISL (Confédération Internationale des Syndicats Libres) fransızcada, CIOSL (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres) İspanyolcada, CIOSL (Confederação Internacional de Organizações Sindicais Livres) portekizcede, ICB (International Criminal Bar) İngilizcede, BPI (Barreau Pénal International) fransızcada.

İngilizcede

ICG

Inter-universitair Centrum voor Geo-ecologisch Onderzoek (www.science.uva.nl/ibed/icg/)

Felemenkçe

ICG

International Crisis Group (www.crisisgroup.org)

İngilizcede

ICG

Institut Charles Gerhardt (www.icgm.fr)

Fransızcada

ICG

International Committee on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)

İngilizcede

ICG

International Cinematographers Guild (https://www.icg600.com/)

İngilizcede

ICG

Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision

İngilizcede

ICHO

Iran Cultural Heritage Organisation

İngilizcede

ICHR

Indian Council of Historical Research (www.ichrindia.org)

İngilizcede

ICHRDD
International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development (www.ichrdd.ca)

ICHRDD = CIDPDD (Centre International des Droits de la Personne et du Développement Démocratique) fransızcada.

İngilizcede

ICHRP

International Council on Human Rights Policy

İngilizcede

ICHSEA

International Conference on the History of Science in East Asia

İngilizcede

ICIA

Institutul de Cercetări pentru Inteligenţă Artificială (www.racai.ro)

Rumencede

ICID
International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (http://icid-ciid.org/)

ICID = CIID (Commission Internationale pour les Irrigations et le Drainage) fransızcada.

İngilizcede

ICIEC

Islamic Corporation for the Insurance of Investment & Export Credit

İngilizcede

ICJ
International Court of Justice (https://www.icj-cij.org/)

ICJ = CIJ (Cour Internationale de Justice) fransızcada, CIJ (Corte Internacional de Justicia) İspanyolcada, CIJ (Corte Internacional de Justiça) portekizcede, CIJ (Cort Internacional de Justícia) katalancada, MSD (Mezinárodní soudní dvůr) Çekçe, IGH (Internationaler Gerichtshof) almancada, ΔΔΔ (Διεθνές Δικαστήριο της Δικαιοσύνης) yunancada, IK (Internacia Kortumo) esperanto dilinde, ICJ (국제사법재판소) korecede, TTT (Tarptautinis Teisingumo Teismas) litvanca, MTS (Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości) lehçede, MSD (Medzinárodný súdny dvor) slovakçada, МСП (Међународни суд правде) sırpça, MSP (Međunarodni sud pravde) sırp-Hırvatça.

İngilizcede

ICJ
국제사법재판소 (https://www.icj-cij.org/)

ICJ = CIJ, MSD, IGH, ΔΔΔ, IK, TTT, MTS, МСП, MSP (yukarıyı görmek).

Korecede

ICLP

Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy

İngilizcede

ICM

Intergovernmental Committee for Migration

İngilizcede

ICMAB

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (www.icmab.es)

İspanyolcada

ICMI

International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (www.mathunion.org/ICMI/)

İngilizcede

ICMI

International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces

İngilizcede

ICMJE

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (www.icmje.org)

İngilizcede

ICMR

Indian Council for Medical Research (www.icmr.nic.in)

İngilizcede

ICMS

International Committee for Museum Security

İngilizcede

ICN
International Conference on Nutrition

ICN = CIN (Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutrición) İspanyolcada, CIN (Conférence Internationale sur la Nutrition) fransızcada, CIN (Conferência Internacional sobre Nutrição) portekizcede.

İngilizcede

ICNEM

Internacia Centro de la Neŭtrala Esperanto-Movado

Esperanto dilinde

ICO

Interuniversitair Centrum voor Onderwijskundig Onderzoek

Felemenkçe

ICOC

Indonesia Council Open Conference

İngilizcede

    ICOLD

    International Commission on Large Dams (www.icold-cigb.org)

    İngilizcede

    ICOMP

    Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion

    İngilizcede

    ICOMTEC

    Institut de Communication et des Nouvelles Technologies (http://icomtec.univ-poitiers.fr)

    Fransızcada

    ICOPHIL

    International Conference on Philippine Studies

    İngilizcede

    ICORD

    International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries

    İngilizcede

    ICOTT

    International Congress of Official Tourist Traffic Associations

    İngilizcede

    ICOUR
    Irrigation Company for the Upper Regions
    The Irrigation Company for the Upper Regions (ICOUR) has been established by the Government of Ghana (GOG) to promote the production of food crops by small-scale farmers within organized and managed irrigation schemes, with the objectives of improving food security and increasing incomes.

    İngilizcede

    ICPDR

    International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River

    İngilizcede

    ICPO

    Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology

    İngilizcede

    ICPO

    International Criminal Police Organization

    İngilizcede

    ICPR
    Indian Council of Philosophical Research (https://icpr.in/)
    The Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR) has been set up by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, in order to support projects or programmes of research in philosophy, seminars, special courses, study circles, working groups, conferences or publications in philosophy, as well as institutions and organizations engaged in the conduct of research in philosophy. The ICPR should also encourage research by young philosophers, prepare an inventory of current research in philosophy and compile a national register of philosophers.

    İngilizcede

    ICPS

    International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors

    İngilizcede

    ICRA

    Internet Content Rating Association

    İngilizcede

    ICRA

    International Conference on Robotics and Automation

    İngilizcede

    ICRA

    Association de Classification du Contenu de l'Internet

    Fransızcada

    ICRAT

    International Conference on Research in Air Transportation

    İngilizcede

    ICRC
    International Committee of the Red Cross (www.icrc.org)

    ICRC = CICR (Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja) İspanyolcada, CICR (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge) fransızcada, CICV (Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha) portekizcede, МККК (Международный комитет Красного Креста) rusçada, SSKK (Starptautiskā Sarkanā Krusta Komiteja) letonca, CICR (Comitato Internazionale della Croce Rossa) İtalyancada, ICRC (적십자 국제 위원회) korecede, CICR (Comitè Internacional de la Creu Roja) katalancada, CICR (Comitât entèrnacionâl de la Crouèx-Roge) arpitanca.

    İngilizcede

    ICRC
    적십자 국제 위원회 (www.icrc.org)

    ICRC = CICR, CICV, МККК, SSKK (yukarıyı görmek).

    Korecede

    ICRISAT

    International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (https://www.icrisat.org/)

    İngilizcede

    ICRP
    International Commission on Radiological Protection

    ICRP = CIPR (Commission Internationale de Protection Radiologique) fransızcada.

    İngilizcede

    ICRP

    International Council on Radiation Protection

    İngilizcede

    ICRS

    International Cartilage Repair Society

    İngilizcede

    ICS

    International Commission on Stratigraphy

    İngilizcede

    ICS

    International Child Support

    İngilizcede

      ICS

      Institut Clinique de la Souris (www-mci.u-strasbg.fr)

      Fransızcada

      ICS

      Ingénierie des Contenus et Savoirs (http://scenari.utc.fr)

      Fransızcada

      ICS

      Initiative Clause Sociale (www.ics-asso.org)

      Fransızcada

      ICS

      Institut Charles Sadron (www-ics.u-strasbg.fr)

      Fransızcada

      ICS

      Institut de Cinématographie Scientifique (www.ics.cnrs-bellevue.fr)

      Fransızcada

      ICS

      Industries Chimiques du Sénégal

      Fransızcada

      ICS

      International Continence Society (https://www.ics.org/)

      İngilizcede

      ICS

      Interuniversitair Centrum voor Sociaalwetenschappelijke Theorievorming en Methodenontwikkeling (https://ics-graduateschool.nl/)

      Felemenkçe

      ICSA

      International Cultic Studies Association

      İngilizcede

      ICSC

      International Council of Shopping Centers

      İngilizcede

      ICSCN

      International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application

      İngilizcede

      ICSID
      International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (https://icsid.worldbank.org/)

      ICSID = CIADI (Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones) İspanyolcada, CIRDI (Centre International pour le Règlement des Différends relatifs aux Investissements) fransızcada.

      İngilizcede

      ICSLP

      International Conference on Spoken Language Processing

      İngilizcede

      ICSSR

      Indian Council of Social Science Research (www.icssr.org)

      İngilizcede

      ICSU

      International Council of Scientific Unions

      İngilizcede

      ICSV

      International Congress on Sound and Vibration

      İngilizcede

      ICTA

      Instituts et Centres Techniques Agricoles

      Fransızcada

      ICTS

      International Conference on Thai Studies

      İngilizcede

      ICTU

      Irish Congress of Trade Unions (https://www.ictu.ie/)

      İngilizcede

      ICU

      Istituto per la Cooperazione Universitaria

      İtalyancada

      ICUAER

      International Commitee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research

      İngilizcede

      ID

      Initiative Développement

      Fransızcada

      IDA
      International Development Association (https://ida.worldbank.org/en/home)

      IDA = IAD (Internacia Asocio pri Disvolvado) esperanto dilinde, AID (Association Internationale de Développement) fransızcada, AIF (Asociación Internacional de Fomento) İspanyolcada, AID (Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento) portekizcede, МАР (Международная ассоциация развития) rusçada, MAP (Міжнародна асоціація розвитку) sırpça.

      İngilizcede

      IDA

      Irrigation Development Authority

      İngilizcede

      IDA

      International Desalination Association

      İngilizcede

      IDAL

      Investment Development Authority of Lebanon

      İngilizcede

      IDEB

      Institut de Développement Économique de la Bourgogne

      Fransızcada

      IDEFIE

      Initiative pour le Développement de l'Expertise Française à l'International et en Europe (www.idefie.org)

      Fransızcada

      IDF
      International Diabetes Federation (https://idf.org/)

      IDF = FID (Fédération Internationale du Diabète) fransızcada, FID (Federación Internacional de Diabetes) İspanyolcada.

      İngilizcede

      IDF

      International Dairy Federation

      İngilizcede

      IDM

      Institut für den Donauraum und Mitteleuropa

      Almancada

      IDMC

      Independent Data Monitoring Committee

      İngilizcede

      IDSA

      Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses

      İngilizcede

      IDÉO
      Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire (https://www.ideo-cairo.org/fr/)

      La mallongigo IDÉO (Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire) estas inkluzivita en la mallongigo MIDÉO (Mélanges de l’Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire).

      Fransızcada

      IEA
      International Energy Agency

      IEA = AIE (Agence Internationale de l’Énergie) fransızcada, IEA (Internationale Energieagentur) almancada, МЭА (Международное энергетическое агентство) rusçada, MAE (Międzynarodowa Agencja Energii[edytuj]) lehçede, IEA (Internationaal Energie Agentschap) felemenkçe, IEA (国際エネルギー機関) japoncada, AIE (Agencia Internacional de la Energía) İspanyolcada.

      İngilizcede

      IEA
      Internationale Energieagentur

      IEA = AIE, МЭА, MAE (yukarıyı görmek).

      Almancada

      IEA
      Internationaal Energie Agentschap

      IEA = AIE, МЭА, MAE (yukarıyı görmek).

      Felemenkçe

      IEA
      国際エネルギー機関

      IEA = AIE, МЭА, MAE (yukarıyı görmek).

      Japoncada

      IEARC

      Inland Empire Amateur Radio Club

      İngilizcede

      IEAS

      Institute of East Asian Studies

      İngilizcede

      IEC
      International Electrotechnical Commission

      IEC = CEI (Comisión Electrotécnica Internacional) İspanyolcada, CEI (Commission Électrotechnique Internationale) fransızcada, CEI (Comissão Eletrotécnica Internacional) portekizcede.

      İngilizcede

      IEC

      Institut Émilie du Châtelet

      Fransızcada

      IEC

      Institutional Effectiveness Committee

      İngilizcede

        IECARO

        Inland Empire Council of Amateur Radio Organizations

        İngilizcede

        IEEE

        Institute of Electrical and Electronic(s) Engineers

        İngilizcede

        IEF

        International Energy Foundation

        İngilizcede

        IEHS

        Immigration and Ethnic History Society

        İngilizcede

        IEI

        International Eurasian Institute for Economic and Political Research

        İngilizcede

        IEI

        Istituto di Elaborazione dell'Informazione

        İtalyancada

        IEIFC

        Incubateur d’Entreprises Innovantes de Franche-Comté

        Fransızcada

        IEJ

        Itala Esperantista Junularo (http://iej.esperanto.it)

        Esperanto dilinde

        IEKA

        Internacia Esperanto-Klubo Aŭtomobilista

        Esperanto dilinde

        IEKAS

        Information Exchange for Korean-American Scholars

        İngilizcede

        IEM

        Internacia Esperanto-Muzeo

        Esperanto dilinde

        IEM

        Institutul de Economie Mondială

        Rumencede

        IEMN

        Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie

        Fransızcada

        IEMW

        Institut für Industrielle Elektronik und Materialwissenschaften (www.iemw.tuwien.ac.at)

        Almancada

        IEO

        Independent Evaluation Office

        İngilizcede

        IEP
        Instituto Europeu de Patentes (https://www.epo.org/)

        IEP = EPO (European Patent Office) İngilizcede, OEP (Oficina Europea de Patentes) İspanyolcada, OEB (Office Européen des Brevets) fransızcada, EOB (Europees Octrooibureau) felemenkçe, EPA (Europäisches Patentamt) almancada.

        Portekizcede

        IERSE

        Institut d'Études et de Recherche pour la Sécurité des Entreprises

        Fransızcada

        IES

        Israel Exploration Society

        İngilizcede

        IET

        Institut Européen de Technologie

        Fransızcada

        IETF
        Internet Engineering Task Force (https://www.ietf.org/)

        La mallongigo IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) inkluzivas la mallongigon TF (Task Force).

        İngilizcede

        IEV

        In Eendracht Vooruit

        Felemenkçe

        IEXAS

        Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences

        İngilizcede

        IEŚW

        Instytut Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

        Lehçede

        IFA

        Interuniversitäres Forschungsinstitut für Agrarbiotechnologie

        İngilizcede

        IFA

        Internationale de Fédérations Anarchistes

        Fransızcada

        IFALPA

        International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (https://www.ifalpa.org/)

        İngilizcede

        IFAN

        International Federation of Standards Users

        İngilizcede

        IFC

        Idose Football Club

        Felemenkçe

        IFCAI

        International Federation of Commercial Arbitration Institutions

        İngilizcede

        IFCPAR

        Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research

        İngilizcede

        IFDA

        International Furnishings and Design Association

        İngilizcede

        IFEAC

        Institut Français d’Études sur l’Asie Centrale

        Fransızcada

        IFEAD

        Institut Français d'Études Arabes de Damas

        Fransızcada

        IFEF

        Internacia Fervojista Esperanto Federacio

        Esperanto dilinde

        IFEN

        Institut Français de l'Environnement (www.ifen.fr)

        Fransızcada

        IFES

        Institute of Far Eastern Studies

        İngilizcede

        IFG

        Institut Français de Géopolitique (www.geopolitique.net)

        Fransızcada

        IFIC

        International Food Information Council

        İngilizcede

        IFIG
        Internationales Forschungs- und Informationszentrum für öffentliche Wirtschaft, Sozialwirtschaft und Genossenschaftswesen

        IFIG = CIRIEC (Centre International de Recherches et d'Information sur l'Économie Publique, Sociale et Coopérative) fransızcada.

        Almancada

        IFIP

        International Federation for Information Processing

        İngilizcede

        IFITT

        International Federation of Information Technology and Tourism

        İngilizcede

        IFK

        Internationales Forschungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften (www.ifk.ac.at)

        Almancada

        IFKB

        Interuniversitaire Onderzoekschool voor Klinische en Bewegingswetenschappen (www.ifkb.nl)

        Felemenkçe

        IFKF

        International Federation of Kidney Foundations

        İngilizcede

        IFLA

        International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (www.ifla.org)

        İngilizcede

        IFLA

        International Federation of Library Associations

        İngilizcede

        IFM

        Institut Français de la Mer

        Fransızcada

        IFOAM

        International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements

        İngilizcede

        IFP

        Institut Français du Pétrole (www.ifp.fr)

        Fransızcada

        IFPCC

        Institut Français des Praticiens des Procédures Collectives

        Fransızcada

        IFPI

        International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (www.ifpi.org)

        İngilizcede

        IFPMA

        International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (https://www.ifpma.org/)

        İngilizcede

        IFPO

        Institut Français du Proche-Orient (https://www.ifporient.org/)

        Fransızcada

        IFPS

        International Federation of Palynological Societies

        İngilizcede

        IFR
        Institut Fédératif de Recherche
        Un Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) est une structure constituée par le regroupement volontaire, sur un même site, d’unités de recherche, de laboratoires ou de services reconnus par les partenaires institutionnels.

        La mallongigo IFR (Institut Fédératif de Recherche) estas inkluzivita en la mallongigo IFR PPF (Institut Fédératif de Recherche Paris-Nord Plaine de France).

        Fransızcada

        IFR

        Institute of Food Research

        İngilizcede

        IFR

        International Federation of Robotics (https://ifr.org/)

        İngilizcede

        IFR PPF
        Institut Fédératif de Recherche Paris-Nord Plaine de France

        La mallongigo IFR PPF (Institut Fédératif de Recherche Paris-Nord Plaine de France) inkluzivas la mallongigon IFR (Institut Fédératif de Recherche).

        Fransızcada

        IFRA

        INCA-FIEJ Research Association

        İngilizcede

        IFRAC

        Institut de Formation et de Recherche des Avocats aux Conseils

        Fransızcada

        IFRE

        Internacia Forstista Rondo Esperantlingva

        Esperanto dilinde

        IFREE

        Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution

        İngilizcede

        IFREMER

        Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (www.ifremer.fr)

        Fransızcada

        IFRI

        Institut Français des Relations Internationales (www.ifri.org)

        Fransızcada

        IFRTP

        Institut Français pour la Recherche et la Technologie Polaire (www.institut-polaire.fr)

        Fransızcada

        Sayfaya gitmek 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53