Abbreviations related to the theme ‘Metals’
- Code
-
Meaning
Language
Themes and places
- Cu
-
구리
Cu is equivalent to Cu (Cuivre) in French, Cu (Koper) in Afrikaans, Cu (نحاس) in Arabic, Cu (Anti) in Aymara, Cu (Mis) in Azerbaijani, Cu (Медзь) in Belarusian, Cu (Мед) in Bulgarian, Cu (তামা) in Bengali, Cu (Bakar) in Bosnian, Cu (Coure) in Catalan, Cu (Ramu) in Corsican, Cu (Měď) in Czech, Cu (Пăхăр) in Chuvash, Cu (Copr) in Welsh, Cu (Kobber) in Danish, Cu (Kupfer) in German, Cu (Χαλκός) in Greek, Cu (Copper) in English, Cu (Kupro) in Esperanto, Cu (Cobre) in Spanish, Cu (Vask) in Estonian, Cu (Kobre) in Basque, Cu (مس) in Persian, Cu (Kupari) in Finnish, Cu (Ram) in Friulian, Cu (Copar) in Irish, Cu (Copar) in Scottish Gaelic, Cu (Cobre) in Galician, Cu (તાંબુ) in Gujarati, Cu (Cobbyr) in Manx, Cu (נחושת) in Hebrew, Cu (ताम्र) in Hindi, Cu (Bakar) in Croatian, Cu (Kuiv) in Haitian Creole, Cu (Réz) in Hungarian, Cu (Պղինձ) in Armenian, Cu (Tembaga) in Indonesian, Cu (Kupro) in Ido, Cu (Kopar) in Icelandic, Cu (Rame) in Italian, Cu (銅) in Japanese, Cu (tunka) in Lojban, Cu (Tembaga) in Javanese, Cu (სპილენძი) in Georgian, Cu (Mutako) in Kongo, Cu (Koffer) in Kölsch, Cu (Mis) in Kurdish, Cu (Kober) in Cornish, Cu (Cuprum) in Latin, Cu (Koffer) in Letzeburgesh, Cu (Koper) in Limburgish, Cu (Varis) in Lithuanian, Cu (Varš) in Latvian, Cu (Konukura) in Māori, Cu (Бакар) in Macedonian, Cu (ചെമ്പ്) in Malayalam, Cu (Зэс) in Mongolian, Cu (तांबे) in Marathi, Cu (Tembaga) in Malay, Cu (Пиже) in the MYV language, Cu (Chīltic tepoztli) in Nahuan languages, Cu (Kopper) in Low German, Cu (Koper) in Dutch, Cu (Kopar) in Nynorsk, Cu (Kobber) in Norwegian, Cu (Coire) in Occitan, Cu (Miedź) in Polish, Cu (Cobre) in Portuguese, Cu (Anta) in Quechuan languages, Cu (Cupru) in Romanian, Cu (Медь) in Russian, Cu (ताम्रम्) in Sanskrit, Cu (Rami) in Sicilian, Cu (Bakar) in Serbo-Croatian, Cu (Meď) in Slovak, Cu (Baker) in Slovenian, Cu (Bakri) in Albanian, Cu (Бакар) in Serbian, Cu (Koppar) in Swedish, Cu (Shaba) in Swahili, Cu (செப்பு) in Tamil, Cu (రాగి) in Telugu, Cu (Мис) in Tajik, Cu (ทองแดง) in Thai, Cu (Tanso) in Tagalog, Cu (Bakır) in Turkish, Cu (Мідь) in Ukrainian, Cu (تانبا) in Urdu, Cu (Mis) in Uzbek, Cu (Đồng) in Vietnamese, Cu (קופער) in Yiddisch, Cu (铜) in Chinese languages, Cu (Umthofu) in Zulu.
- Cu
-
Koffer
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Mis
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Kober
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Cuprum
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Koffer
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Koper
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Varis
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Varš
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Konukura
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Бакар
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
ചെമ്പ്
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Зэс
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
तांबे
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Tembaga
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Пиже
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Chīltic tepoztli
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Kopper
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Koper
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Kopar
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Kobber
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Coire
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Miedź
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Cobre
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Anta
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Cupru
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Медь
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
ताम्रम्
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Rami
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Bakar
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Meď
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Baker
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Bakri
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Бакар
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Koppar
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Shaba
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
செப்பு
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
రాగి
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Мис
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
ทองแดง
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Tanso
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Bakır
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Мідь
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
تانبا
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Mis
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Đồng
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
קופער
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
铜
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Cu
-
Umthofu
Cu is equivalent to Cu (see above).
- Fe
-
Yster
Fe is equivalent to Fe (Eisen) in Tosk, Fe (حديد) in Arabic, Fe (Fierro) in Asturian, Fe (Dəmir) in Azerbaijani, Fe (Жалеза) in Belarusian, Fe (Желязо) in Bulgarian, Fe (লোহা) in Bengali, Fe (Houarn) in Breton, Fe (Željezo) in Bosnian, Fe (Ferro) in Catalan, Fe (Ferru) in Corsican, Fe (Železo) in Czech, Fe (Тимĕр) in Chuvash, Fe (Haearn) in Welsh, Fe (Jern) in Danish, Fe (Eisen) in German, Fe (Σίδηρος) in Greek, Fe (Iron) in English, Fe (Fero) in Esperanto, Fe (Hierro) in Spanish, Fe (Raud) in Estonian, Fe (Burdina) in Basque, Fe (آهن) in Persian, Fe (Rauta) in Finnish, Fe (Fier) in Friulian, Fe (Iarann) in Irish, Fe (鐵) in Gan, Fe (Iarann) in Scottish Gaelic, Fe (Ferro) in Galician, Fe (Kuarepoti) in Guarani, Fe (લોખંડ) in Gujarati, Fe (Yiarn) in Manx, Fe (Thiet) in Hakka, Fe (ברזל) in Hebrew, Fe (लोहम्) in Hindi, Fe (Željezo) in Croatian, Fe (Fè) in Haitian Creole, Fe (Vas) in Hungarian, Fe (Երկաթ) in Armenian, Fe (Ferro) in Interlingua, Fe (Besi) in Indonesian, Fe (Fero) in Ido, Fe (Járn) in Icelandic, Fe (Ferro) in Italian, Fe (鉄) in Japanese, Fe (tirse) in Lojban, Fe (Wesi) in Javanese, Fe (რკინა) in Georgian, Fe (Kibende) in Kongo, Fe (철) in Korean, Fe (Eisen) in Kölsch, Fe (Hesin) in Kurdish, Fe (Ferrum) in Latin, Fe (Eisen) in Letzeburgesh, Fe (Iezer) in Limburgish, Fe (Ebendé) in Lingala, Fe (Geležis) in Lithuanian, Fe (Dzelzs) in Latvian, Fe (Rino) in Māori, Fe (Железо) in Macedonian, Fe (ഇരുമ്പ്) in Malayalam, Fe (Төмөр) in Mongolian, Fe (लोखंड) in Marathi, Fe (Besi) in Malay, Fe (Ħadid) in Maltese, Fe (Кшни) in the MYV language, Fe (Tlīltepoztli) in Nahuan languages, Fe (Iesen) in Low German, Fe (IJzer) in Dutch, Fe (Jern) in Nynorsk, Fe (Jern) in Norwegian, Fe (Fé) in Norman, Fe (Fèrre) in Occitan, Fe (Żelazo) in Polish, Fe (Ferro) in Portuguese, Fe (Chuki) in Quechuan languages, Fe (Fier) in Romanian, Fe (Железо) in Russian, Fe (लोहम्) in Sanskrit, Fe (Ferru) in Sicilian, Fe (Airn) in Scots, Fe (Željezo) in Serbo-Croatian, Fe (Železo) in Slovak, Fe (Železo) in Slovenian, Fe (Hekuri) in Albanian, Fe (Гвожђе) in Serbian, Fe (Järn) in Swedish, Fe (Chuma) in Swahili, Fe (இரும்பு) in Tamil, Fe (ఇనుము) in Telugu, Fe (Оҳан) in Tajik, Fe (เหล็ก) in Thai, Fe (Demir) in Turkish, Fe (Залізо) in Ukrainian, Fe (Temir) in Uzbek, Fe (Fero) in Venetian, Fe (Sắt) in Vietnamese, Fe (אייזן) in Yiddisch, Fe (铁) in Chinese languages.
- Fe
-
Eisen
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
حديد
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fierro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Dəmir
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Жалеза
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Желязо
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
লোহা
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Houarn
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Željezo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferru
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Železo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Тимĕр
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Haearn
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Jern
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Eisen
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Σίδηρος
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Iron
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fero
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Hierro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Raud
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Burdina
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
آهن
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Rauta
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fier
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Iarann
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
鐵
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Iarann
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Kuarepoti
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
લોખંડ
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Yiarn
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Thiet
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
ברזל
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
लोहम्
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Željezo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fè
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Vas
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Երկաթ
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Besi
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fero
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Járn
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
鉄
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
tirse
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Wesi
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
რკინა
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Kibende
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
철
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Eisen
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Hesin
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferrum
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Eisen
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Iezer
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ebendé
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Geležis
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Dzelzs
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Rino
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Железо
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
ഇരുമ്പ്
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Төмөр
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
लोखंड
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Besi
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ħadid
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Кшни
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Tlīltepoztli
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Iesen
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
IJzer
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Jern
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Jern
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fé
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fèrre
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Żelazo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferro
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Chuki
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fier
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Железо
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
लोहम्
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Ferru
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Airn
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Željezo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Železo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Železo
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Hekuri
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Гвожђе
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Järn
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Chuma
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
இரும்பு
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
ఇనుము
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Оҳан
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
เหล็ก
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Demir
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Залізо
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Temir
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Fero
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
Sắt
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
אייזן
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- Fe
-
铁
Fe is equivalent to Fe (see above).
- JMMM
-
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals (https://www.jmmm.material.chula.ac.th/)
The Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals (JMMM) publishes research articles and reviews related to metals, materials and minerals, including composite and hybrid materials, concrete and cement-based systems, ceramics, glass, refractory, semiconductors, polymeric and polymer-based materials, conventional and technical textiles, nanomaterials, thin films, biomaterials, and functional materials.
- JaIMJ
-
Japan Institute of Metals Journal
- KIM
-
Korean Institute of Metals and Materials (http://eng.kim.or.kr/)
- KIMMJ
-
Korean Institute of Metals and Materials Journal
- Mn
-
Manganese
Mn is equivalent to Mn (Mangaan) in Estonian, Mn (منجنيز) in Arabic, Mn (Manqan) in Azerbaijani, Mn (Mangan) in German, Mn (Манган) in Bulgarian, Mn (Manganès) in Friulian, Mn (Μαγγάνιο) in Greek, Mn (Manganeso) in Spanish, Mn (Mangano) in Esperanto, Mn (منگنز) in Persian, Mn (Manganese) in English, Mn (Mangaan) in Afrikaans, Mn (Mangan) in Bosnian, Mn (Manganès) in Catalan, Mn (Mangan) in Danish.
- Mn
-
Mangaan
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
منجنيز
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Manqan
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Mangan
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Манган
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Manganès
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Μαγγάνιο
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Manganeso
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Mangano
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
منگنز
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Manganese
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Mangaan
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Mangan
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Manganès
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- Mn
-
Mangan
Mn is equivalent to Mn (see above).
- NI
-
Nikkel
NI is equivalent to Ni (Nickel) in French, NI (نيكل) in Arabic, NI (Nikel) in Azerbaijani, NI (Нікель) in Belarusian, NI (Никел) in Bulgarian, NI (নিকেল) in Bengali, NI (Nikl) in Bosnian, NI (Níquel) in Catalan, NI (Nichele) in Corsican, NI (Nikl) in Czech, NI (Никĕль) in Chuvash, NI (Nikkel) in Danish, NI (Nickel) in German, NI (Νικέλιο) in Greek, NI (Nickel) in English, NI (Nikelo) in Esperanto, NI (Níquel) in Spanish, NI (Nikkel) in Estonian, NI (Nikel) in Basque, NI (نیکل) in Persian, NI (Nikkeli) in Finnish, NI (Nichel) in Friulian, NI (Níquel) in Galician, NI (Nickyl) in Manx, NI (ניקל) in Hebrew, NI (निकेल) in Hindi, NI (Nikal) in Croatian, NI (Nikèl) in Haitian Creole, NI (Nikkel) in Hungarian, NI (Նիկել) in Armenian, NI (Nikel) in Indonesian, NI (Nikelo) in Ido, NI (Nikkel) in Icelandic, NI (Nichel) in Italian, NI (ニッケル) in Japanese, NI (nikle) in Lojban, NI (Nikel) in Javanese, NI (ნიკელი) in Georgian, NI (니켈) in Korean, NI (Nîkel) in Kurdish, NI (Niccolum) in Latin, NI (Néckel) in Letzeburgesh, NI (Nikelis) in Lithuanian, NI (Niķelis) in Latvian, NI (Konukōreko) in Māori, NI (Никел) in Macedonian, NI (നിക്കല്) in Malayalam, NI (निकेल) in Marathi, NI (Iztāctepoztli) in Nahuan languages, NI (Nickel) in Low German, NI (Nikkel) in Dutch, NI (Nikkel) in Nynorsk, NI (Nikkel) in Norwegian, NI (Niquèl) in Occitan, NI (Nikiel) in Polish, NI (Níquel) in Portuguese, NI (Nikil) in Quechuan languages, NI (Nichel) in Romanian, NI (Никель) in Russian, NI (Nichel) in Sicilian, NI (Nikl) in Serbo-Croatian, NI (Nikel) in Slovak, NI (Nikelj) in Slovenian, NI (Никл) in Serbian, NI (Nickel) in Swedish, NI (Nikeli) in Swahili, NI (நிக்கல்) in Tamil, NI (Никел) in Tajik, NI (นิกเกิล) in Thai, NI (Nikel) in Turkish, NI (Нікель) in Ukrainian, NI (Nikel) in Uzbek, NI (Niken) in Vietnamese, NI (ניקל) in Yiddisch, NI (镍) in Chinese languages.
- NI
-
نيكل
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Нікель
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Никел
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
নিকেল
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikl
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Níquel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nichele
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikl
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Никĕль
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikkel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nickel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Νικέλιο
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nickel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikelo
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Níquel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikkel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
نیکل
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikkeli
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nichel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Níquel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nickyl
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
ניקל
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
निकेल
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikal
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikèl
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikkel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Նիկել
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).
- NI
-
Nikel
NI is equivalent to Ni (see above).